Jason is a 41-year-old electrician who presents to the clinic for evaluation of shortness of breath. The shortness of breath occurs with exertion and improves with rest. It has been going on for several months and initially occurred only a couple of times a day with strenuous exertion; however, it has started to occur with minimal exertion and is happening more than a dozen times per day. The shortness of breath lasts for less than 5 minutes at a time. He has no cough, chest pressure, chest pain, swelling in his feet, palpitations, orthopnea, or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Which of the following symptom attributes was not addressed in this description?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Severity. The description of the patient's shortness of breath includes information on the setting (exertion), timing (improves with rest, occurs more frequently), and associated manifestations (no cough, chest pain, etc.). Severity of the symptom, which refers to how intense or distressing it is for the patient, is not explicitly mentioned. In this case, severity may be implied by the progression of symptoms from occurring with strenuous exertion to minimal exertion, but it is not directly addressed in the description. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they were all addressed in the patient's presentation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because open-ended questions encourage patients to provide detailed responses without limiting them to specific options. Choice A and B are closed-ended questions as they prompt specific information. Choice D is a leading question that suggests a specific response, making it closed-ended.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cozen's test. This test is used to assess for lateral epicondylitis by asking the patient to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate the wrist, and extend the elbow against resistance. Pain over the lateral epicondyle indicates a positive test. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Empty can test is used to assess for supraspinatus tendon injury. B: Valgus stress test is used to assess for medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow. C: Elbow flexion test is not a specific test for lateral epicondylitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outside the synovial cavity but within the fibrous joint capsule. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are located within the joint capsule, which is a fibrous structure surrounding the knee joint. They are positioned outside the synovial cavity, which is the space within the joint capsule that contains synovial fluid. This location allows the cruciate ligaments to provide stability to the knee joint without being directly exposed to the synovial fluid. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the specific location of the cruciate ligaments within the knee joint.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elbow. Pediatric patients commonly dislocate their elbows due to falls on outstretched hands. The elbow joint is inherently unstable in children due to the immature musculature and ligamentous structures. This vulnerability increases the likelihood of dislocation. Shoulder dislocations are more common in adults due to trauma or overuse. Hip dislocations are rare in pediatric patients. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are also uncommon compared to elbow dislocations in children. Therefore, the elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated joint among pediatric patients due to its unique anatomy and susceptibility to injury.