Janet, a psychiatric client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, has just been hospitalized for threatening suicide. According to Mahler's theory, Janet did not receive the critical 'emotional refueling' required during the rapprochement phase of development. What are the consequences of this deficiency?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because according to Mahler's theory, during the rapprochement phase, the child learns to balance independence and dependence. If Janet did not receive critical 'emotional refueling' during this phase, she may struggle with abandonment fears and internalized rage. This can lead to difficulties in forming stable relationships and intense fear of being abandoned. Choices A and B are not directly related to the consequences of deficient emotional refueling in Mahler's theory. Choice C, while related to trust issues, does not specifically address the internalized rage and fears of abandonment resulting from the deficiency during the rapprochement phase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Answer A is correct as beneficence refers to the duty to act for the benefit and well-being of others. This principle emphasizes promoting the good of individuals and ensuring their welfare. It aligns with the ethical responsibility to actively do good and provide positive outcomes. Answer B (duty to avoid harm) is related to nonmaleficence, not beneficence. Answer C (duty to respect autonomy) pertains to autonomy, not beneficence. Answer D (duty to distribute resources equally) is related to distributive justice, not beneficence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics primarily target negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and flattened affect. They are less effective on positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. This is due to their mechanism of action, which involves targeting serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain. Choices A and C are incorrect because atypical antipsychotics are not as effective in treating positive symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because atypical antipsychotics are not commonly used to treat anxiety disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a maturational/internal crisis is typically triggered by the individual's transition to a new developmental stage, such as adolescence or midlife. This type of crisis arises from internal changes and challenges related to personal growth and self-awareness. In contrast, option B refers to external events like natural disasters, not internal processes. Option C pertains to crises resulting from external factors like loss, not internal developmental changes. Option D focuses on internal conflicts, but a maturational crisis is distinct as it directly relates to developmental stages.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because abruptly stopping lithium in bipolar patients can lead to a rapid recurrence of manic or hypomanic symptoms due to destabilization of mood regulation. This is known as rebound mania. Choice B is incorrect because discontinuing lithium can have significant effects. Choice C is incorrect as discontinuation may not necessarily lead to severe depression. Choice D is incorrect as lithium discontinuation is not associated with the development of schizophrenia.