Jane, an obese hypertensive homemaker, complains of continual hunger and lack of energy. What nursing measure would be most helpful?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate nursing measure for Jane, an obese hypertensive homemaker complaining of continual hunger and lack of energy, would be option B) Discussing the importance of eating breakfast. This choice is correct because starting the day with a balanced breakfast can help regulate blood sugar levels, boost metabolism, and provide sustained energy throughout the day. By emphasizing the importance of eating breakfast, the nurse can address Jane's hunger and lack of energy in a practical and effective manner. Option A) Giving her a list of low-calorie foods may not directly address Jane's specific concerns of hunger and lack of energy. While consuming low-calorie foods can be beneficial for weight management, it may not necessarily address the root cause of her symptoms. Option C) Recommending a strict vegetarian diet is too drastic of a dietary change to implement without further assessment of Jane's current eating habits, preferences, and nutritional needs. It may not be the most suitable recommendation for her individual situation. Option D) Suggesting vitamin supplements may not be the most appropriate initial intervention for Jane. While supplements can be beneficial in certain cases, addressing her dietary habits and meal timing should be the priority before considering additional supplementation. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the impact of diet on health outcomes, especially in patients with comorbid conditions like obesity and hypertension. By providing tailored nutritional advice and discussing the importance of specific meal practices like eating breakfast, nurses can support patients like Jane in making sustainable lifestyle changes to improve their health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology education, it is crucial for nurses to recognize that the patient must accept responsibility for compliance with their therapeutic regimen. This is the correct answer because patient adherence to medication schedules and treatment plans significantly impacts the success of the pharmacological interventions. By taking responsibility, the patient is more likely to follow through with the prescribed regimen, leading to better health outcomes. Option A is incorrect because while frustration can sometimes motivate individuals, it is not a reliable or sustainable method for enhancing a patient's desire to learn about their medications. Option B is incorrect as informal teaching plans can also be effective, and it is not limited to formal structures. Option C is incorrect because a patient's previous educational experiences greatly influence their current learning abilities and preferences. Recognizing this can help tailor teaching plans to meet the patient's needs effectively. In an educational context, understanding the importance of patient responsibility in medication compliance is fundamental for nurses. By empowering patients to take an active role in their treatment, nurses can improve medication adherence, enhance patient outcomes, and promote patient-centered care. Encouraging patients to accept responsibility for their therapeutic regimen fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment in managing their health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is option B: “You feel that your life is ending, Mrs. West? Can you tell me more about your feelings?” This response demonstrates therapeutic communication by actively listening to Mrs. West, showing empathy, and encouraging her to express her emotions. It opens the door for further discussion and allows the nurse to assess Mrs. West's mental and emotional well-being. Option A is incorrect because it dismisses Mrs. West's feelings and offers false reassurance without addressing her emotional needs. Option C is incorrect as it focuses on the healthcare providers' skills rather than addressing Mrs. West's concerns. Option D is incorrect because it jumps to conclusions about the outcome of the surgery without addressing Mrs. West's emotional state or concerns. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to develop strong communication skills to provide holistic care to patients. Understanding the importance of therapeutic communication in addressing patients' emotional and psychological needs is essential in building trust and promoting positive patient outcomes. By actively listening, showing empathy, and encouraging open dialogue, nurses can support patients like Mrs. West through challenging situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: "A thrombus becomes an embolus when dislodged." This answer is correct because when a thrombus, which is a blood clot, becomes dislodged from its original site, it can travel through the bloodstream as an embolus and potentially cause a blockage in a blood vessel, which can lead to serious complications like a pulmonary embolism if it reaches the lungs. Option A: "Touch is an important method of communication," is incorrect in this context because the question is specifically asking about the action of Mr. West rubbing Mrs. West's calf, which does not relate to touch as a method of communication. Option B: "It is important to involve family members in patient care," is incorrect as it is not directly related to the action of rubbing Mrs. West's calf or the potential risk of dislodging a thrombus. Option C: "Massage increases circulation, therefore reducing tenderness," is incorrect because while massage can increase circulation and reduce tenderness in some cases, in the context of a patient with a thrombus, the risk of dislodging the clot and causing harm outweighs the potential benefits of massage. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be aware of the potential risks associated with certain actions, especially when caring for patients with underlying health conditions such as thrombus formation. Understanding the pathophysiology of conditions like thrombus formation and embolism can help nurses make informed decisions to provide safe and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Encourage him to lie on his affected side. This option is correct because positioning can play a crucial role in reducing chest pain on inspiration in conditions like pleurisy or pericarditis. By lying on the affected side, Mr. Jones can potentially alleviate the pressure on the inflamed area, thus reducing pain. Option A) Evaluate the intensity and quality of his pain is incorrect because assessing pain alone does not directly address the underlying cause or provide immediate relief. Option B) Explain the cause of his pain is incorrect as knowing the cause is important for long-term management but may not provide immediate relief for chest pain on inspiration. Option D) Reassure him that the pain will subside is incorrect because while reassurance is important, it does not provide a practical intervention to help control the pain in the moment. In an educational context, understanding how positioning can impact certain types of chest pain is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to effectively manage and alleviate symptoms in patients like Mr. Jones. By choosing the correct intervention, healthcare professionals can improve patient comfort and outcomes.