It was proved in an experimental study in 2013 tha

Question 1 of 5

It was proved in an experimental study in 2013 that surgical masks are about 3 times more effective in filtering exhaled air (for Bacillus atrophaeus and MS2 bacteriophage) than homemade masks made of T-shirts, scarves or pillowcases. Despite that, homemade masks seem to be better than not having any protection against airborne diseases and can be used for:

A. immunization of people susceptible to infection. B. neutralizing the source of infection. C. cutting the transmission pathways of infection. D. general epidemiological surveillance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Masks reduce transmission by blocking pathogens, thus cutting transmission pathways.

Question 2 of 5

The family doctor has a patient, a 54-year-old male with 2nd degree obesity, type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension, and with a family history of heart disease from his father's side. The doctor decided to use a transtheoretical model for the slimming therapy of this patient. When starting therapy, the doctor should check:

A. patient's awareness of the relationship between obesity and health. B. patient's perception of his susceptibility to heart disease. C. patient's perception of the severity of heart diseases. D. patient's perception of social norms and influences.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The transtheoretical model starts with assessing readiness to change, beginning with awareness (precontemplation stage) of the health issue.

Question 3 of 5

The general real (rough) death rate in Poland in 2014 was 970/100 000. In a small developing country in the same year it was 810/100000. Which of the following best describes that situation?

A. in Poland more people die because the population is larger. B. in this developing country infant mortality is high and infant mortality is not included in the death rate. C. in this small country the healthcare system is better than in Poland. D. in developed countries the real death rate is usually higher because the percentage of the elderly in their populations is also higher.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Higher death rates in developed countries like Poland often reflect aging populations, unlike developing countries with younger demographics.

Question 4 of 5

The risk factors of nosocomial infections include:

A. patient's age. B. length of a stay in the hospital (hospitalization). C. inappropriate antibiotic therapy. D. A,B,C are true.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All threeâ€”age, length of stay, and inappropriate antibioticsâ€”are established risk factors for nosocomial infections.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following are components of the Regional and National Maps of Health Needs specified in the Polish Ministry of Health Regulation of 26 of March 2015?

A. WHO health need projections for the European Region; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization; health need projections. B. analysis of the state of healthcare resources and their utilization; analysis of health risk factors; analysis of the main causes of death in the population. C. demographic and epidemiological analysis; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization; health need projections. D. monitoring of zoonotic diseases and zoonotic agents; keeping records of the new incidence of infectious diseases; analysis of the state of health of children and young people from different provinces.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Polish regulation specifies demographic/epidemiological analysis, resource analysis, and health need projections as key components.

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