It is possible to reduce (though not eliminate) information bias in assessment of dietary intake by

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Information bias (e.g., recall bias) occurs when data is misreported. Collecting dietary data before disease onset (B) reduces recall bias, as participants aren’t influenced by symptoms (e.g., cancer patients over-reporting fat intake). A may increase detail but not reduce bias. C addresses confounding, not information bias. D ensures generalizability, not accuracy of intake data.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Screening (B) detects asymptomatic cases (e.g., mammography) for early intervention. A follows detection, C and D are diagnostic/prognostic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Information bias (B) includes misclassification influenced by outcome knowledge (e.g., recall bias in cases). A is selection, C is specific recall, D is confounding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Case-control studies (B) suit rare diseases (e.g., cancer) by starting with cases. A is better for common outcomes, C for prevalence, D for trials.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Case-control studies use odds ratio (C) to measure association (e.g., odds of exposure in cases vs. controls). A and D are cohort measures, B is cross-sectional.