It is estimated that lead-poisoned children are identified by screening procedures rather than through clinical recognition of lead-related symptoms in

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the correct answer to this question is A) 99% of cases. Screening procedures are crucial in identifying lead-poisoned children because lead poisoning often presents with subtle or nonspecific symptoms that can easily be missed during routine clinical assessments. By relying on screening procedures, healthcare providers can detect lead exposure early, allowing for prompt intervention and prevention of further harm. Option B) 79% of cases, Option C) 59% of cases, and Option D) 39% of cases are incorrect because they underestimate the effectiveness of screening procedures in identifying lead-poisoned children. Lead poisoning can have serious long-term effects on a child's development, making early detection essential for providing appropriate care and support. In an educational context, understanding the importance of screening procedures for lead poisoning highlights the significance of preventive healthcare measures in pediatric nursing. By emphasizing the role of screening in identifying asymptomatic cases, nurses can advocate for regular lead screenings and educate parents and caregivers about the risks of lead exposure in children. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to take proactive steps in safeguarding children's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, allergic shiners are a common manifestation of allergies in children. The correct answer, option C, "dark circles under the eyes," is indicative of venous congestion due to chronic nasal congestion associated with allergies. These dark circles are a result of the pooling of blood under the eyes, giving the appearance of shadows or discoloration. Option A, "an upward rubbing of the nose with an open palm," is incorrect as it describes a behavior rather than a physical manifestation of allergies. Option B, "continuous open-mouth breathing," is incorrect as it may be seen in conditions affecting the airway but is not specifically related to allergic shiners. Option D, "transverse crease of the nose," is a physical finding associated with chronic allergic rhinitis but is not synonymous with allergic shiners. Understanding the clinical signs and symptoms of allergies in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support. Recognizing allergic shiners can prompt further assessment and management of allergies to improve the child's quality of life and prevent complications. Educating nurses on these subtle yet significant signs ensures early intervention and holistic care for pediatric patients with allergies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the typical presentation and course of asthma is crucial for effective care. The correct answer is C) 6 years old. Asthma often manifests in childhood, with around 80% of patients experiencing symptoms before the age of 6. This early onset is significant as it highlights the importance of early detection, education, and management strategies to improve long-term outcomes. Option A) 2 years old is too young for the majority of asthmatic patients to develop symptoms. While asthma can occur at this age, it is less common compared to older children. Option B) 4 years old is also early, but still falls within the possible range for asthma onset. Option D) 8 years old is beyond the typical age of onset for most asthmatic patients. Educationally, this question emphasizes the need for nurses to be familiar with pediatric asthma patterns. By recognizing the age at which asthma commonly presents, nurses can better assess and intervene early in children showing symptoms. This knowledge is essential for providing effective care, educating families, and promoting optimal asthma management in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, managing asthma in children requires a comprehensive understanding of treatment modalities based on severity. For a 6-year-old with step-6 severe persistent asthma, the best treatment option is option D: high-dose inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting B-agonist and oral corticosteroids along with omalizumab therapy. This option is correct because step-6 severe persistent asthma necessitates aggressive treatment to control symptoms and prevent exacerbations. High-dose inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting B-agonists provide potent anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects. Oral corticosteroids help manage acute exacerbations, while omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is indicated for severe allergic asthma. Option A is incorrect because medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids may not be sufficient for severe persistent asthma. Option B is insufficient as high-dose inhaled corticosteroids are required for severe asthma. Option C with low-dose inhaled corticosteroids is not appropriate for severe persistent asthma in a 6-year-old. Educationally, understanding asthma severity levels and corresponding treatment strategies is crucial for nursing students caring for pediatric patients. This rationale highlights the importance of tailored, evidence-based approaches in managing pediatric asthma to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, typically begins in infancy. This is the correct answer because atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin conditions seen in infants and often manifests within the first few months of life. Infants are more prone to developing atopic dermatitis due to their immature skin barrier and developing immune system. Option B (toddlerhood) is incorrect because while atopic dermatitis can persist into toddlerhood, it commonly starts in infancy. Option C (preschooler age) is also incorrect as the onset of atopic dermatitis usually occurs earlier, although it can continue into the preschool years. Option D (school age) is the least likely age for atopic dermatitis to begin as it typically starts in infancy and may improve as the child gets older. In an educational context, understanding the typical onset of atopic dermatitis is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the age at which this condition commonly begins allows for early identification, intervention, and management to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected children and their families.