ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
It is correct to say that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Saliva contains alpha amylase. Saliva does indeed contain the enzyme alpha amylase, which helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. This is a well-established fact in human physiology. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: HCL converts pepsin into pepsinogen - This statement is incorrect as pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by the acidic environment in the stomach, not the other way around. B: IF is essential for vitamin K absorption - This is also incorrect. Intrinsic factor (IF) is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12, not vitamin K. D: Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion - While the myenteric plexus is involved in regulating gastrointestinal motility, it is not primarily responsible for controlling secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 2 of 5
Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called _ which allows the surface area to _.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rugae, Increase. Rugae are folds in the mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach when food is ingested, increasing the surface area for digestion and absorption. Rugae help in mixing and breaking down food efficiently. Explanation: 1. Rugae are specifically found in the stomach to increase surface area for digestion. 2. The folds of rugae help in stretching the stomach to accommodate food intake. 3. Increased surface area aids in better absorption of nutrients. 4. Crypts are invaginations in the mucosa but not related to increasing surface area. 5. Option C and D are incorrect because rugae actually increase, not decrease, the surface area of the stomach.
Question 3 of 5
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth during the process of digestion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth during digestion. It is produced in the salivary glands and helps to break down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose. Lipase (B) breaks down fats, pepsin (C) breaks down proteins, and trypsin (D) is an enzyme that also breaks down proteins but is produced in the pancreas, not in the mouth. Amylase is the only enzyme among the choices that specifically targets carbohydrates in the mouth, making it the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A patient's peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) bag is nearly empty, and a new PN bag has not arrived yet from the pharmacy. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Infusing 5% dextrose in water will provide the patient with necessary calories and prevent hypoglycemia until the new PN bag arrives. 2. Dextrose infusion will help maintain glucose levels and prevent metabolic complications. 3. Monitoring capillary blood glucose every 6 hours (Choice A) may not provide immediate support to prevent hypoglycemia. 4. Decreasing the PN infusion rate (Choice D) may lead to inadequate nutrition and compromise patient's metabolic needs.
Question 5 of 5
Which information in this male patient's electronic health record as shown in the accompanying figure will the nurse use to confirm that the patient has metabolic syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Waist size. The nurse can confirm metabolic syndrome by assessing waist size as it is a key component in diagnosing the condition. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by central obesity, which is reflected in an increased waist circumference. The other choices, weight (A), blood glucose (C), and blood pressure (D), may provide valuable information in assessing the patient's overall health but are not specific indicators of metabolic syndrome. Weight alone does not necessarily indicate central obesity, blood glucose may be elevated due to other reasons, and blood pressure can be affected by various factors unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Therefore, waist size is the most relevant measure to confirm the presence of metabolic syndrome in this case.