ATI RN
NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
It is a serious condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. It may be passed down from the parents or develop sometime during childhood:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a serious condition characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce enough blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This condition may be inherited or acquired later in life, including during childhood. It results in a deficiency of all types of blood cells, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are different blood disorders with distinct causes and symptoms, which do not match the description provided in the question.
Question 2 of 5
Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with antibiotics to avoid which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, which is a type of nephrotic syndrome affecting the kidneys. Antibiotic treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is important to prevent these potential severe complications, including nephrotic syndrome. Otitis media, acute laryngitis, and hemorrhagic fever are not direct complications of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis.
Question 3 of 5
An infant with tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic and dyspneic after a crying episode. To relieve the cyanosis and dyspnea, the nurse should place the infant in the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The orthopneic position is the best position to relieve cyanosis and dyspnea in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. This position involves sitting up and leaning forward, which helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation. Placing the infant in the orthopneic position will reduce the workload on the heart, improve oxygenation, and relieve symptoms of cyanosis and dyspnea associated with tetralogy of Fallot. It allows for better expansion of the lungs and improves ventilation-perfusion matching, thereby enhancing oxygen exchange and alleviating the cyanotic spell.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is teaching the parent of a child newly diagnosed with JRA. The nurse would evaluate the teaching as successful when the parent is able to say that the disorder is caused by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is caused by the immune-stimulated inflammatory response in the joints. In JRA, the body's immune system attacks its own healthy joint tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and damage to the joints. This chronic inflammation can cause joint stiffness, swelling, and in severe cases, joint deformities. It is not caused by the breakdown of osteoclasts in the joint space (A), the loss of cartilage in the joints (B), or the buildup of calcium crystals in joint spaces (C).
Question 5 of 5
The nurse caring for a 14-year-old girl with DI understands which of the following about this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, leading to excessive thirst and excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. Central DI, the most common form in children, is treated with a synthetic form of the hormone vasopressin, also known as desmopressin. Vasopressin helps the kidneys to retain water, thereby reducing urine output and preventing excessive dehydration. Since DI is a chronic condition, treatment with vasopressin is typically required on a lifelong basis to manage symptoms and prevent complications. It is important for healthcare providers to understand the long-term nature of DI treatment in order to provide appropriate care and support to patients with this condition.