Isoproterenol produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that primarily acts on beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It increases heart rate and contractility, leading to an increase in cardiac output (A) and tachycardia (D). Isoproterenol causes vasodilation, resulting in a fall in diastolic and mean arterial pressure (B). However, it does not cause bronchoconstriction (C) as it stimulates beta-2 receptors leading to bronchodilation. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because benzodiazepines, while effective for insomnia, have the potential for psychological and physiological dependence (A), can cause synergistic depression of the central nervous system when combined with other drugs like alcohol (B), and may result in residual drowsiness and daytime sedation (C). Each of these factors poses risks and side effects associated with the use of benzodiazepines for treating insomnia. Therefore, the answer choice D, which includes all of the above factors, is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. After large overdoses of antiseizure drugs, the most dangerous effect is respiratory depression due to the suppression of the central nervous system. This can lead to decreased breathing rate and potentially fatal consequences. Gastrointestinal irritation (B) and alopecia (C) are not typically associated with antiseizure drug overdoses. Sedation (D) may occur but is not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory depression in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The midbrain periaqueductal gray. This structure plays a crucial role in pain modulation by sending inhibitory signals to the spinal cord. It contains opioid receptors that can reduce pain perception. The hypothalamus (B) is more involved in regulating body functions, the area postrema (C) is primarily responsible for inducing vomiting in response to toxins, and the limbic cortex (D) is associated with emotions and memory, not specifically pain modulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Butorphanol. Non-narcotic analgesics are medications that relieve pain without producing narcotic effects. Butorphanol is a narcotic analgesic, not a non-narcotic one. Paracetamol (A), Acetylsalicylic acid (B), and Ketorolac (D) are all non-narcotic analgesics commonly used for pain relief without causing narcotic effects. Therefore, the incorrect options are A, B, and D because they are non-narcotic analgesics, unlike Butorphanol.