Isoniazid has following unwanted effect:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid is a commonly used medication for tuberculosis treatment. Hepatotoxicity is a well-known side effect, which can manifest as hepatitis or liver damage. Peripheral neuropathy is another common side effect, characterized by numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the extremities. These effects are due to the drug's metabolism in the liver and its interference with nerve function. Choice A is incorrect as cardiotoxicity is not a known side effect of isoniazid. Choice C, loss of hair, is not a commonly reported side effect of isoniazid. Choice D, immunotoxicity, is not a major side effect associated with isoniazid use.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the loop of Henle. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to decreased reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+. This leads to an increase in the excretion of Ca2+ in the urine, resulting in metabolic alkalosis due to loss of H+ ions in exchange for Na+ and Ca2+. A: Increased reabsorption of uric acid is not directly related to furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis. B: Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule would lead to increased reabsorption of Na+ and water, which would not result in metabolic alkalosis. C: Mild inhibition of carbonic anhydrase would not directly cause furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibition of carbonic acid dehydration in the tubular lumen. Acetazolamide inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate ions and subsequent loss of bicarbonate in the urine. This results in a metabolic acidosis which can help alleviate symptoms of congestive heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart. Choice B is incorrect because acetazolamide actually leads to increased bicarbonate excretion, not reabsorption. Choice C is incorrect because acetazolamide does not directly affect Na+ reabsorption in the distal tubule. Choice D is incorrect because acetazolamide does not stimulate H+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule; rather, it inhibits carbonic acid dehydration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.