Isofluorophate increases all of the following effects except:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchodilation. Isofluorophate is an organophosphate compound that acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor, leading to increased acetylcholine levels. Lacrimation, muscle twitching, and salivation are all effects of increased acetylcholine activity due to cholinesterase inhibition. However, bronchodilation is not typically associated with increased acetylcholine levels. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are known effects of increased acetylcholine activity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Methoxamine is an alpha1-selective agonist, meaning it specifically targets alpha1 receptors. Step 2: Alpha1 receptors are found in smooth muscles, and activation causes vasoconstriction. Step 3: Methoxamine's selective action on alpha1 receptors makes it suitable for conditions requiring vasoconstriction. Step 4: Norepinephrine (A) is a non-selective agonist for alpha and beta receptors, not specifically targeting alpha1 receptors. Step 5: Ritodrine (C) is a beta2-selective agonist used for tocolysis in preterm labor, not targeting alpha1 receptors. Step 6: Ephedrine (D) is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that acts on both alpha and beta receptors, not alpha1-selective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bradycardia. Phentolamine is an alpha-adrenergic blocker, which typically causes tachycardia rather than bradycardia due to its vasodilatory effect. Diarrhea (choice A) can occur due to its effect on smooth muscle relaxation, arrhythmias (choice C) can result from its impact on cardiac conduction, and myocardial ischemia (choice D) can happen due to decreased cardiac output. Bradycardia is not a common adverse effect of phentolamine, making it the correct answer in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because imidazopyridines are known to be selective agonists of the BZ1 (omega1) subtype of BZ receptors. This is based on their specific binding affinity and activity at the BZ1 receptor subtype, which distinguishes them from other receptor subtypes. Imidazopyridines do not act as partial agonists at brain 5-TH1A receptors (choice A), competitive antagonists of BZ receptors (choice C), or nonselective agonists of both BZ1 and BZ2 receptor subtypes (choice D). By being selective agonists of the BZ1 subtype, imidazopyridines exhibit unique pharmacological properties that make them suitable for targeting specific therapeutic outcomes related to the BZ1 receptor subtype.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vigabatrin. Vigabatrin irreversibly inhibits GABA-T by irreversibly binding to its active site, leading to a sustained increase in GABA levels. This results in enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission. Diazepam (A) and Phenobarbital (B) are not inhibitors of GABA-T. Felbamate (D) acts by blocking NMDA receptors and enhancing GABAergic transmission, but it does not directly inhibit GABA-T.