Ischemia and hypoxic damage to the kidneys leading to sudden decline in renal function is known as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acute kidney injury (AKI) results from sudden ischemia/hypoxia, unlike pyelonephritis (infection), cystitis (bladder inflammation), or chronic kidney disease (gradual decline).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Beans and chicken are the best foods for a hyperkalemic patient because they are low in potassium. Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood, so it is important for the patient to consume foods that are low in potassium to help regulate their potassium levels. Whole grain bread and pudding may contain higher levels of potassium, while low Na broth may not have a significant impact on potassium levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Calcium (Ca) needs vitamin D to be absorbed in the GI tract. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium from the intestines into the bloodstream. Without sufficient levels of vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium, leading to calcium deficiency. Therefore, it is important for a nurse to understand that calcium needs vitamin D for proper absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal failure is the most common cause of hypermagnesemia. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to properly filter and excrete magnesium, leading to its accumulation in the body. This can result in elevated levels of magnesium in the blood, causing hypermagnesemia.