ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
_______________ is the main glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrocortisone is the main glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands. Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroid hormones that are involved in regulating metabolism and immune responses. Hydrocortisone, also known as cortisol, plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress, inflammation, and maintaining blood pressure. It is essential for various physiological functions, including regulating blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system's inflammatory responses. While other glucocorticoids like dexamethasone and prednisone are commonly used in clinical practice for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, hydrocortisone is the primary glucocorticoid naturally produced by the adrenal glands.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with extremely high blood pressure (BP) is in the emergency department. The physician will order therapy with nitroglycerin to manage the patient™s BP. Which form of nitroglycerin is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with extremely high blood pressure requiring immediate treatment in the emergency department, the most appropriate form of nitroglycerin is the intravenous (IV) infusion. IV nitroglycerin allows for rapid onset of action, precise control of the dosage, and continuous monitoring of blood pressure to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In this critical situation, the sublingual spray, transdermal patch, and oral capsule forms would not provide the rapid and precise control needed to manage the patient's high blood pressure effectively. IV nitroglycerin is the preferred route of administration for patients with hypertensive emergencies.
Question 3 of 5
A female client who has a history of seizures went to a healthcare facility to ask the nurse regarding the use of birth control pills while on phenytoin therapy. The nurse correctly states to the client that:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin induces liver enzymes that increase the metabolism of oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness. This increases the risk of unintended pregnancy. Pregnancy is not prohibited, but effective contraception is essential. Discontinuing phenytoin is not recommended without medical advice. Therefore, the nurse should inform the client about the decreased effectiveness of birth control pills.
Question 4 of 5
Modest improvement in the memory of patients with Alzheimer's disease may occur with drugs that increase transmission at which of the following receptors?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease features cholinergic neuron loss, impairing memory via reduced acetylcholine signaling in the hippocampus and cortex. Drugs like acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) boost cholinergic transmission by preventing acetylcholine breakdown, modestly improving memory and cognition in early stages. Adrenergic enhancement (e.g., via norepinephrine) affects arousal, not memory directly. Dopaminergic drugs treat Parkinson's, not Alzheimer's cognitive deficits. GABAergic drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines) inhibit cognition, worsening memory. Serotonergic agents target mood, not memory. The cholinergic deficit is a hallmark of Alzheimer's pathology, and augmenting this system remains a primary therapeutic strategy, validated by clinical outcomes.
Question 5 of 5
A 42-year-old woman has widely disseminated colon cancer. Her main symptom is pain from a spinal crush fracture, incompletely suppressed by oral morphine. She is also troubled by constipation, nausea and occasional vomiting. Which of the following is true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metastatic colon cancer with spinal pain needs palliation. Fentanyl patches cause nausea, like morphine, due to opioid effects, so that's false. Cisplatin, for other cancers, doesn't prolong survival in advanced colon cancer (FOLFOX does). Radiotherapy to the primary isn't mainstay for metastases; palliation is. Biopsy of the vertebra is unnecessary with known cancer. Intercostal nerve block targets chest pain, not spinal, but localized nerve blocks (e.g., epidural) are true options for refractory pain, making this the best fit per key.