______ is an artificial means of removing the body's waste products.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidney dialysis. Dialysis is an artificial method used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function adequately. It involves the use of a machine to filter blood and remove waste products. Choice A, chronic renal failure, is a condition where the kidneys fail to function properly but it is not a method of removing waste. Choice C, urine retention, is the opposite of waste removal as it refers to the inability to fully empty the bladder. Choice D, nephritis, is a condition involving inflammation of the kidneys but it does not involve the artificial removal of waste products from the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Enables speech. The larynx houses the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound during speech. The other choices are incorrect because B is the function of the epiglottis, which blocks food from entering the trachea, C is the function of the pharynx, which allows for the passage of air and food, and D is the function of the trachea, which transfers air to the lungs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urinary tract infections. Adequate fluid intake post total knee replacement helps prevent UTIs by flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. Myocardial infarctions are not directly related to fluid intake. Depression is not prevented by fluid intake. Side effects of medication are not specifically prevented by encouraging fluids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reassure the resident who is upset. This response acknowledges the resident's feelings and provides comfort and support, helping to reduce their distress. Telling the resident it is not real (A) may invalidate their experience. Saying they see the hallucination too (B) can exacerbate the situation. Laughing at the resident (D) is highly inappropriate and disrespectful.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soft or pureed. AIDS patients with mouth infections may have difficulty chewing or swallowing due to pain or sores. Soft or pureed foods are easier to eat and less likely to irritate the mouth. Spicy (A), hot (C), and acidic (D) foods can aggravate mouth sores and cause discomfort, making them unsuitable choices for someone with an oral infection. Providing soft or pureed foods ensures the patient can still receive necessary nutrition without worsening their condition.