is a vitamin supplement prescribed for clients who have hyperemesis gravidarum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcium gluconate is indeed the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity. In cases where a pregnant client is receiving magnesium sulfate for conditions like preeclampsia, it is important to have calcium gluconate readily available in case of magnesium toxicity. This is a crucial intervention to prevent any adverse effects on both the mother and the baby. So, the nurse should ensure that calcium gluconate is available and be prepared to administer it if needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first action the nurse should take in this situation is to assess the bladder for distention. Postpartum hemorrhage can be caused by a distended bladder putting pressure on the uterus, preventing it from contracting effectively and leading to excessive bleeding. By assessing for bladder distention and ensuring the client empties her bladder, the nurse can help the uterus contract more efficiently and potentially reduce the bleeding. Assessing the other options such as blood pressure, massaging the fundus, and preparing to administer an oxytocic can be important interventions eventually, but addressing the bladder distention is the first priority in this case of excessive postpartum bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the discharge plan is to encourage frequent feeding to increase intake. Fiber-optic blankets for treating physiologic jaundice work by promoting the breakdown of bilirubin in the skin through phototherapy. Encouraging frequent feeding helps increase the infant's intake, leading to more frequent bowel movements which aids in the elimination of excess bilirubin from the body. This, in turn, helps in resolving physiologic jaundice more quickly. Covering the infant's eyes during treatment may be necessary to protect them from the bright light, but it is not directly related to the effectiveness of the treatment. Reducing the number of formula feedings could decrease the baby's intake, potentially leading to more concentrated levels of bilirubin. Expecting constipation until jaundice clears is not a typical consequence of using a fiber-optic blanket for jaundice treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neonatal weight loss in the first 3 days of life is most often the result of inadequate breast or formula feeding. During the initial days of life, it is normal for newborn babies to experience some weight loss. This weight loss is generally due to factors such as insufficient intake of breast milk or formula. It takes a few days for a mother's mature breast milk to come in, and during this time, a newborn may not receive enough colostrum, which can lead to initial weight loss. Similarly, if a baby is not getting enough formula or is having feeding difficulties, this can also result in weight loss. Allergy to formula, a hypoglycemic response, or excretion of fluid via lungs, urinary bladder, and bowels are less likely explanations for neonatal weight loss in the first 3 days of life compared to inadequate feeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Engorgement is a common issue for breastfeeding mothers and can lead to discomfort and difficulty with milk flow. The most appropriate nursing intervention for a breastfeeding mother experiencing engorgement is to apply cold compresses to the breasts after feeding (Option A). Cold compresses help reduce inflammation, swelling, and discomfort associated with engorgement. The cold temperature constricts blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the breasts and decreasing swelling. Option B, limiting breastfeeding to every 6 hours, is incorrect. Engorgement requires more frequent, rather than less frequent, breastfeeding sessions to relieve the fullness and facilitate milk flow. Infrequent breastfeeding can worsen engorgement and lead to complications like mastitis. Option C, using formula supplements to reduce milk supply, is not recommended as it can decrease milk production and interfere with establishing a good breastfeeding routine. Supplementing with formula can also impact the baby's latch and hinder the establishment of a sufficient milk supply. Option D, massaging the breasts before feeding, can be helpful in some cases to promote milk flow and relieve engorgement. However, in the context of this question, applying cold compresses after feeding is more effective in reducing engorgement-related discomfort. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the appropriate interventions for common breastfeeding issues like engorgement. Providing evidence-based care, such as using cold compresses, not only alleviates discomfort for the mother but also supports successful breastfeeding and milk supply regulation. Nursing students should be equipped with the knowledge and skills to address breastfeeding challenges effectively to promote maternal and infant well-being.