____________ is a contagious disease that is transmitted by direct person-to-person contact.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scabies. Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact. Shingles (A) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through exposure to the rash of a person with shingles, not direct person-to-person contact. Skin cancer (C) is not contagious and typically develops due to genetic and environmental factors. Eczema (D) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is not contagious and is influenced by factors like genetics and immune system dysfunction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings between periods of mania and depression. This type of depression involves extreme shifts in mood and energy levels. Delirium (A) is a state of confusion and disorientation. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (C) is an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Hemianopsia (D) is a visual impairment where half of the visual field is lost. Bipolar disorder is the only choice related to mood swings, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased appetite. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism and energy expenditure. This increased metabolic rate often results in an increased appetite as the body requires more fuel to sustain this heightened activity level. Reduced perspiration (A), weight gain (B), and slowed pulse (C) are not typical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Reduced perspiration is not directly related to thyroid function, weight gain is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, and a slowed pulse is usually indicative of a lower metabolic rate, which is the opposite of what occurs in hyperthyroidism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Foot drop. Weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles results in foot drop, causing difficulty in lifting the front part of the foot. This occurs due to damage to the peroneal nerve or muscles in the lower leg. Pronation (A) and supination (B) refer to movements of the foot and ankle, not weakness. Phlebitis (D) is inflammation of a vein, unrelated to muscle weakness in the feet and ankles.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cancer. Tube feeding may be necessary for individuals with cancer who are unable to consume adequate nutrients orally due to symptoms like difficulty swallowing, nausea, or reduced appetite. Cancer can also increase metabolic demands, making it essential to provide nutrition through a feeding tube. Depression (A) does not directly necessitate tube feeding. Dialysis (C) and anaphylaxis (D) are acute conditions that typically do not require long-term tube feeding.