ATI RN
Advanced Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
Ipratropium bromide is commonly prescribed for which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Ipratropium bromide is a bronchodilator commonly used in COPD. 2. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing. 3. Asthma is typically treated with other bronchodilators like albuterol. 4. Hypertension is managed with antihypertensive medications. 5. Arrhythmia is treated with antiarrhythmic drugs. In summary, ipratropium bromide is specifically indicated for COPD due to its mechanism of action on the airways, making choices A, C, and D incorrect for this question.
Question 2 of 5
A 70-year-old male is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following lab tests is primarily used to monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, and INR is a standardized way to interpret PT results. Warfarin affects the clotting process, so monitoring PT/INR helps assess its therapeutic effect. CBC (A) checks blood cell counts, not specific to warfarin. Serum creatinine (C) assesses kidney function, not related to warfarin. Liver function tests (D) evaluate liver health, not directly related to warfarin's anticoagulant effect. PT/INR is the key test for monitoring warfarin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications is used as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Metformin. Metformin is recommended as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes because it effectively lowers blood sugar levels, has a good safety profile, and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity. Insulin (A) is typically used when other medications are not effective enough. Glipizide (C) and Pioglitazone (D) are alternative options but have more side effects and risks compared to metformin.
Question 4 of 5
Dose response data was collected during the preclinical testing of four drugs for the treatment of acute heart failure. Which drug studied was the most efficacious?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Drug A because it showed the highest efficacy in the dose-response data collected during preclinical testing. Efficacy refers to the ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect. In this case, Drug A demonstrated the most significant positive response in treating acute heart failure compared to Drugs B, C, and D. The other choices are incorrect because they did not exhibit the same level of efficacy as Drug A based on the data collected. Drug B, C, and D may have shown some effectiveness, but Drug A outperformed them in terms of efficacy for the treatment of acute heart failure.
Question 5 of 5
A 24-year-old woman experienced severe motion sickness whenever she traveled by air or sea. Diphenhydramine taken before a trip was effective in minimizing her symptoms. The therapeutic effect of the drug was most likely due to blockade of which of the following pairs of central receptors?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (Histaminergic and muscarinic). Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that blocks histamine receptors in the central nervous system, alleviating symptoms of motion sickness. Histamine plays a key role in motion sickness. Additionally, the drug also blocks muscarinic receptors, which are involved in various physiological functions. Choices A and C involve receptors not directly related to motion sickness. Choice B involves GABA and serotonin, which are not the primary receptors targeted in motion sickness.