ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Intravenous (IV) therapy is ordered for a patient with a serum sodium of 150 mEq/L. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with a high serum sodium level (hypernatremia), the goal is to lower the sodium concentration gradually to avoid rapid changes and prevent cerebral edema. A hypotonic solution like 0.25% normal saline (0.25% NS) is appropriate for this situation. The lower sodium content in the solution can help reduce the elevated serum sodium level by diluting it while providing some fluid for hydration. Solutions like 0.45% NS, 3% NS, and 5% NS have osmolarities that are higher than normal serum osmolality and would not be suitable for correcting hypernatremia.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. The patient is in need of rapid diuresis. Which class of diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A patient with a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min indicates impaired kidney function or renal insufficiency. Loop diuretics are the preferred choice for patients with reduced kidney function because they act on the loop of Henle in the nephron, which is independent of creatinine clearance. They are effective for rapid diuresis even in patients with significantly reduced renal function. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are commonly used in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease to promote diuresis and manage fluid overload. Thiazides are not as effective in patients with low glomerular filtration rates, and osmotic diuretics may not be appropriate for rapid diuresis in this scenario. Potassium-sparing diuretics are not typically used for rapid diuresis but rather for maintaining potassium balance in cases where patients are at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A patient reports having adverse effects with nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse can suggest performing which action to minimize these undesirable effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking an aspirin tablet 30 minutes before taking nicotinic acid (niacin) can help minimize flushing and other adverse effects associated with nicotinic acid therapy. Aspirin can help to reduce the vasodilation effects caused by nicotinic acid, thereby decreasing the flushing reaction experienced by the patient. This strategy is commonly recommended to help patients tolerate nicotinic acid therapy better and improve medication adherence.
Question 4 of 5
What is the action of Metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
A female patient needs a whole blood transfusion. In order for transfusion services (the blood bank) to prepare the correct product a sample of the patient's blood must be obtained for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before administering a whole blood transfusion to a patient, it is crucial for the transfusion services to determine the patient's blood type and perform a crossmatch with the donor blood to ensure compatibility. The blood type (e.g., ABO and Rh) of the patient must be identified to select compatible donor blood. A crossmatch is performed to further confirm compatibility and prevent adverse reactions, such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, which can occur when incompatible blood components are transfused. This process helps ensure the safety and efficacy of the transfusion for the patient. A complete blood count and differential, blood culture and sensitivity, and antibody screening are important tests in other clinical contexts but are not essential for preparing a whole blood transfusion.