Intrauterine transplacental infection is of significance to the fetus and/or newborn

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) primarily affects the liver and is not typically associated with significant intrauterine or transplacental effects compared to rubella, toxoplasmosis, and Parvovirus B19.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The AVPU scale (Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive) is a simple tool for assessing consciousness in children and adults. It is often used in emergency settings for quick neurological evaluation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Immobilization prevents venom spread and is the best immediate treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypernatremic dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds sodium loss, leading to increased serum osmolality (>295 mOsm/L) and sodium levels (>145 mEq/L). This can result from inadequate fluid intake, excessive sweating, or osmotic diuresis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Primary nocturnal enuresis is generally not linked to emotional disorders but instead to factors like genetics, bladder capacity, or nighttime urine production.