Intracranial calcification may be a feature of one of the following transplacental infections

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intracranial calcification is a key feature seen in congenital rubella syndrome, making option D the correct answer. Rubella is known to cause various developmental abnormalities in the fetus, including intracranial calcifications, which can be visualized on imaging studies. Option A, Cytomegalovirus, typically presents with other features like microcephaly and hearing loss rather than intracranial calcifications. Option B, Herpes simplex virus, is not associated with intracranial calcifications in the context of transplacental infection. Option C, Varicella-zoster virus, does not commonly lead to intracranial calcifications in utero. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of transplacental infections in pediatric nursing is crucial for early identification and appropriate management. This knowledge aids in providing comprehensive care to infants affected by these infections. By knowing the distinct features of each infection, healthcare providers can offer targeted interventions and support to improve outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding pain disorders, such as somatoform disorders, is crucial for providing comprehensive care to children. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) musculoskeletal pain. This type of pain is the most frequently encountered in pain disorders because it is often vague, diffuse, and difficult to localize precisely. Children with somatoform pain disorders commonly present with musculoskeletal pain due to its subjective nature, making it a common complaint. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Recurrent chest pain is less frequently associated with pain disorders in children compared to musculoskeletal pain. Chest pain is more likely to be associated with cardiac or respiratory issues. B) Recurrent abdominal pain can be a common complaint in pediatrics, but musculoskeletal pain is more prevalent in pain disorders. D) Headaches can occur in pediatric somatoform disorders, but musculoskeletal pain is typically the predominant symptom. Educationally, understanding the most common types of pain in pediatric somatoform disorders helps nurses recognize and address these conditions effectively. By differentiating between pain types, nurses can provide targeted assessment, treatment, and support to pediatric patients experiencing somatoform pain disorders. This knowledge enhances the quality of care and improves outcomes for children dealing with these complex conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) situational type specific phobia. In this case, the child is displaying physical symptoms such as abdominal pain, headache, and fatigue in response to a specific situation - going to school. This aligns with the criteria for a situational type specific phobia, where the individual experiences intense fear or anxiety in response to a specific situation or object. Option A) school phobia could be a tempting choice, but it is not as specific as the correct answer. School phobia is a broad term that may encompass various anxieties related to school, while the child in this scenario is showing symptoms specifically related to attending school with his mother. Option B) social phobia refers to fear or anxiety about social situations, which does not fully capture the child's symptoms related to joining school. Option C) true phobia related to schoolwork is not the best choice as the child's symptoms are more about the act of going to school itself rather than the schoolwork. Educationally, understanding different types of phobias and their specific criteria is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. Recognizing and correctly diagnosing these conditions can lead to appropriate interventions and support for the child and their family. It is important to consider the impact of situational phobias on a child's well-being and academic performance, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to their care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Rett syndrome. Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predominantly affects girls. It is caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene located on the X chromosome. This is why Rett syndrome is only prevalent in girls, as they have two X chromosomes. Autism (option A) and Asperger syndrome (option B) are both part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and can affect individuals of any gender. While there may be differences in how ASDs present in boys versus girls, they are not exclusive to one gender. Childhood disintegrative disorder (option C) is a rare condition where typically developing children show a significant loss of previously acquired skills, such as language and social abilities, after a period of normal development. This disorder is not specific to girls only. In an educational context, understanding the gender-specific prevalence of certain disorders like Rett syndrome is crucial for healthcare professionals working in pediatric nursing. This knowledge informs assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning, ensuring appropriate and effective care for patients. It also highlights the importance of considering gender differences in healthcare and the need for individualized approaches to pediatric care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, the correct answer is A) It is characterized by tics and coprolalia. This statement is true because Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, with coprolalia (involuntary swearing or inappropriate utterances) being a common symptom seen in a subset of individuals with this condition. Option B) It is characterized by tics and encopresis is incorrect because encopresis refers to the involuntary passage of feces, which is not a typical symptom of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Option C) It is treated with haloperidol and methylphenidate is incorrect because while medications like antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) and stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate) may be used to manage symptoms of Tourette syndrome, treatment is individualized based on the specific symptoms and needs of each patient. Option D) It is a common disorder of childhood is incorrect because Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is relatively rare, with an estimated prevalence of about 0.3-1% of the population. It typically presents in childhood, but can persist into adulthood. In an educational context, understanding the key features of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. By knowing the characteristic symptoms such as tics and coprolalia, healthcare providers can recognize and appropriately manage this condition, which can greatly improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Additionally, knowing the correct information helps in providing accurate patient education and support to families dealing with Tourette syndrome.