ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
interstitial osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High medullary interstitial osmolarity drives water reabsorption to concentrate urine.
Question 2 of 5
When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kidneys reabsorb potassium and excrete hydrogen ions to correct low pH.
Question 3 of 5
Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia disrupts membrane potentials, causing abnormal cardiac rhythms.
Question 4 of 5
Why do patients with undiagnosed diabetes often present with increased frequency of urination?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold, leading to osmotic diuresis where glucose in the urine prevents water reabsorption, causing polyuria.
Question 5 of 5
A solution that has a similar osmolality of plasma that will cause no cell damage is called?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An isotonic solution has a similar osmolality to plasma, meaning it has the same concentration of solutes as the fluid inside the cells in our body. This balance prevents water from moving in or out of the cells, which would cause damage. Therefore, an isotonic solution will not cause any cell damage. Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmolality, causing water to move into the cells and potentially causing them to burst. Hypertonic solutions have a higher osmolality, causing water to move out of the cells and potentially causing them to shrink. Normal saline is a specific type of isotonic solution that contains $0.9% sodium chloride.