Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insulin does not affect glucose absorption from the gut. This is because glucose absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine and is not directly influenced by insulin. Insulin primarily works by promoting glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, reducing glycogen breakdown, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the liver. Therefore, decreased glucose absorption from the gut is not a mechanism through which insulin reduces blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Phenothiazines such as Promethazine, because they have the highest local anesthetic effect among histamine H1 antagonists. This is due to their structural properties that allow them to interact with sodium channels and block nerve impulses effectively. Phenothiazines have a bulky side chain that enhances their local anesthetic properties. A, Alkylamines like Brompheniramine, are known for their sedative effects rather than local anesthetic properties. B, Piperidines including Loratadine and Fexofenadine, are mainly used for their antihistaminic effects and do not exhibit strong local anesthetic properties. C, Ethylenediamines like Suprastine, are not recognized for their local anesthetic effects but rather for their antihistaminic actions. In summary, Phenothiazines stand out as having the highest local anesthetic effect compared to the other categories of histamine H

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because riboflavin deficiency can manifest as all the symptoms mentioned in choices A, B, and C. Riboflavin is essential for maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes, so deficiency can lead to cheilitis (choice A) and cheilosis (choice B), which both involve inflammation and fissures in the lips. Additionally, riboflavin deficiency can cause angular stomatitis (choice C), which is characterized by inflammation and fissures at the corners of the mouth. Therefore, all the symptoms listed in choices A, B, and C are potential deficiency symptoms of riboflavin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually because they only describe specific symptoms of riboflavin deficiency, whereas the correct answer D encompasses all the possible symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because chylomicron is a large lipoprotein particle produced in the small intestine absorbing dietary fats. This lipoprotein transports lipids to adipose tissue where they are broken down by lipoprotein lipase. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Chylomicron does not contain small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides, nor is it associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis. B: Chylomicron carries dietary lipids, not cholesterol from the liver to tissues. C: Chylomicron does not contain high amounts of cholesterol and is not associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Uricosuric drugs increase excretion of uric acid in the urine to treat gout. Colchicine is not a uricosuric drug; it is used to treat gout flares by reducing inflammation. Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric drugs that work by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption in the kidneys. Aspirin at high dosages can compete with uric acid for excretion in the kidneys, so it can also have uricosuric effects.