Insulin:

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Endocrine System Exam Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Insulin:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells. 2. Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas are responsible for secreting insulin. 3. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing glucose uptake and storage. 4. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately identifies the source of insulin secretion. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect as the liver does not secrete insulin. - Choice C is incorrect as insulin lowers blood glucose levels. - Choice D is incorrect as insulin is released in response to high, not low, blood glucose levels.

Question 2 of 5

ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones. Step 2: These hormones target specific endocrine glands, such as the adrenal cortex. Step 3: Since these hormones stimulate the secretion of other hormones and target specific glands, they are classified as tropic hormones. Step 4: Thus, the correct answer is D: tropic hormones. Summary: A is incorrect as they are not hypothalamic-releasing hormones. B is incorrect as they are not secreted by the neurohypophysis. C is incorrect as they are not specifically aimed at the adrenal cortex.

Question 3 of 5

A deficiency of ADH most likely:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. 2. A deficiency of ADH leads to decreased water reabsorption, resulting in increased urine output (polyuria). 3. Polyuria causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and concentrated urine. 4. Elevated blood glucose levels (choice A) and diabetes mellitus (choice B) are not directly related to ADH deficiency. 5. Expanding blood volume (choice D) would not occur due to decreased water reabsorption. Summary: A deficiency of ADH most likely induces polyuria by decreasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Elevated blood glucose levels, diabetes mellitus, and expanding blood volume are not direct consequences of ADH deficiency.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Growth of the musculoskeletal system. Somatotropic hormone, also known as growth hormone, plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues. It promotes the growth of the musculoskeletal system by stimulating the production of proteins that are essential for muscle and bone growth. This effect is the most important function of somatotropic hormone as it directly impacts overall body growth and physical development. Explanation for other choices: A: Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium - This is not a primary function of somatotropic hormone. Calcium regulation is mainly controlled by other hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. C: Regulation of sodium and water balance - This function is primarily controlled by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, not somatotropic hormone. D: Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy - Labor initiation is regulated by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, not somat

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin does not increase the generation of ketone bodies. Insulin actually inhibits ketogenesis by promoting glucose utilization and storage, preventing the breakdown of fats for energy. A, B, and C are all characteristics of insulin's function: A) Insulin increases glucose transport into the cell to lower blood glucose levels; B) It suppresses gluconeogenesis, the production of new glucose in the liver; C) Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells.

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