Instructions for a patient at risk for testicular cancer include

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of adult medical surgical education, providing instructions to patients at risk for testicular cancer is crucial for early detection and prevention. The correct answer, option C - Testicular self-exam, is important because it empowers the patient to perform regular self-assessments, leading to early identification of any abnormal changes in the testicles. This proactive approach can significantly increase the chances of detecting testicular cancer at an early stage, improving treatment outcomes and prognosis. Option A is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that restricting potassium, phosphate, sodium, or protein in the diet can prevent or reduce the risk of testicular cancer. Option B is also incorrect as self-catheterization of ileal reservoir is not a recommended practice for testicular cancer risk reduction. Option D is incorrect as a change in color of urine is not an expected sign of testicular cancer and should not be communicated as a typical symptom to the patient. Educationally, emphasizing the importance of regular testicular self-exams and providing clear instructions on how to perform them can empower patients to take an active role in their health and well-being. Encouraging open communication about any concerns or changes observed during self-exams can facilitate early intervention and prompt medical evaluation if needed. By educating patients on self-care practices specific to testicular health, healthcare providers can contribute to better patient outcomes and overall health literacy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) take the patient to the bathroom one more time. This action is crucial before a bronchoscopic procedure because the patient will be sedated, and it is important to ensure their comfort and safety during the procedure. By assisting the patient to the bathroom one more time, the nurse helps prevent any potential issues such as the patient needing to use the bathroom during the procedure, which could cause complications. Option A is incorrect because educating the patient about the procedure should ideally be done before administering the sedative, not after. Option B is incorrect because giving the patient small sips of water is typically not recommended before a bronchoscopic procedure due to the risk of aspiration. Option C is incorrect as while monitoring vital signs is important, ensuring the patient's comfort and safety by assisting them to the bathroom takes precedence in this situation. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the sequence of actions required before a procedure to ensure patient safety and comfort. This scenario highlights the importance of thorough patient preparation and the prioritization of tasks based on patient needs and procedural requirements in a medical-surgical setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: direct the discussion and validation of emotion, without false reassurance. This approach is the most appropriate because it acknowledges the patient's emotions without dismissing them or providing false reassurance. When caring for a patient newly diagnosed with cancer, it is crucial to address their emotional responses such as anger in a supportive and validating manner. By actively listening, acknowledging the patient's feelings, and providing a safe space for expression, the nurse can help the patient navigate their emotions and feel understood. Option A: Allowing the patient and family members time to be alone may not address the underlying issue of the patient's anger and may even lead to further isolation and frustration. Option B: Arranging time for the patient to speak with another patient with cancer might be beneficial for peer support, but in this scenario, the patient's immediate emotional needs and the interaction with the healthcare team need to be addressed first. Option D: Requesting a consultation from a social worker on the oncology unit may be helpful for long-term support, but in the moment, the nurse should directly engage with the patient to address the current emotional distress. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of therapeutic communication skills in managing the emotional responses of patients with cancer. Nurses need to be able to effectively navigate and validate a range of emotions expressed by patients to provide holistic care and support during challenging times.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a patient paralyzed below the T4 level, the correct expectation is independent use of upper extremities and efficient cough (Option C). This is because T4 is the level at which the intercostal muscles, responsible for breathing, are innervated. With paralysis below T4, the patient retains upper extremity function as the nerves supplying the upper limbs arise above this level. Additionally, an efficient cough is expected as the patient can still utilize their upper chest and abdominal muscles to generate the necessary force for coughing. Option A (flaccidity of the upper extremities) is incorrect as the paralysis is below T4, so upper extremity function is preserved. Option B (hyperreflexia and spasticity of the upper extremities) is incorrect because hyperreflexia and spasticity are more indicative of upper motor neuron lesions, not lower motor neuron lesions typically seen in spinal cord injuries. Option D (impaired diaphragmatic function requiring ventilator support) is incorrect as the diaphragm is innervated by nerves arising from C3-C5, unaffected by a T4 level injury. Understanding the expected findings in patients with specific spinal cord injuries is crucial for nurses caring for these individuals. It helps in anticipating complications, providing appropriate care, and promoting optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cough and deep breathe every 2 hours. This intervention is crucial for a client with acute pancreatitis because it helps prevent atelectasis by promoting lung expansion and increasing oxygenation. Clients with acute pancreatitis are at risk for respiratory complications due to the proximity of the pancreas to the diaphragm and the potential for inflammation to affect lung function. Therefore, maintaining respiratory function is a priority in their care. Option B) Place the client in contact isolation is incorrect because acute pancreatitis is not a contagious condition that requires isolation precautions. Isolating the client unnecessarily could lead to feelings of social isolation and impact their emotional well-being. Option C) Provide a diet high in protein is incorrect because during the acute phase of pancreatitis, the client should be on a clear liquid diet or NPO (nothing by mouth) to rest the pancreas and reduce pancreatic stimulation. Introducing a high-protein diet at this stage can exacerbate the condition. Option D) Institute seizure precautions is incorrect because seizures are not a common complication of acute pancreatitis. Instituting seizure precautions without a specific indication can lead to unnecessary restrictions on the client's mobility and autonomy. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind each intervention is crucial for nurses caring for clients with acute pancreatitis. By prioritizing interventions based on the client's condition and needs, nurses can provide safe and effective care that promotes optimal outcomes for the client's health.