Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory medications for chronic asthma. Early intervention has the following advantages EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the advantages of inhaled corticosteroids for chronic asthma is crucial for effective management. The correct answer, option B, states that early intervention with inhaled corticosteroids does not alter the natural history of asthma. This is because asthma is a chronic condition with underlying inflammation and airway hyperreactivity that can be managed but not fundamentally changed by medications. Option A, reducing morbidity, is correct because inhaled corticosteroids help control inflammation, thereby decreasing the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations. Option C, reducing airway hyperreactivity, is correct as inhaled corticosteroids target the inflammation in the airways, which in turn reduces hyperreactivity and constriction. Option D, reducing the need for rescue bronchodilator therapy, is also correct. By managing inflammation effectively with inhaled corticosteroids, the reliance on rescue bronchodilators decreases as asthma symptoms are better controlled. Educationally, understanding the specific benefits of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma management is essential for pediatric nurses to provide evidence-based care to pediatric patients with asthma. It highlights the importance of early intervention and adherence to prescribed medication regimens to improve outcomes and quality of life for children with asthma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 50%. Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition in children characterized by pruritic, eczematous lesions. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is frequently seen in these patients, especially on lesional skin. This colonization can exacerbate the inflammation and lead to secondary infections. The statement that more than 90% of patients with atopic dermatitis have colonization of lesional skin with Staphylococcus aureus implies a high prevalence. Therefore, it follows that uninvolved skin would also have a high rate of colonization, and the option closest to this would be 50%. Option A) 5% is too low considering the high prevalence mentioned in the question stem. Option B) 15% is also too low to reflect the significant colonization rates associated with atopic dermatitis. Option C) 25% is closer but still underestimates the extent of colonization seen in these patients. Understanding the high colonization rates in atopic dermatitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Proper management of skin care, infection control measures, and appropriate antimicrobial treatments are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes for these patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding drug reactions to penicillins and cephalosporins is crucial due to their common usage in treating infections. The correct answer, option B, "increasing age (>20 years)," is the exception among the risk factors for drug reactions in pediatrics. This is because pediatric patients are typically younger than 20 years old, so age over 20 is not a relevant risk factor in this context. Option A, "previous drug exposure," is a common risk factor as sensitization can occur with repeated exposure. Option C, "higher dose," is also a risk factor as higher doses can increase the likelihood of adverse reactions. Option D, "intermittent repeated exposure," is another relevant risk factor as repeated exposure, even if intermittent, can still lead to sensitization and potential reactions. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific risk factors for drug reactions in pediatric patients when administering penicillins and cephalosporins. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to be vigilant in monitoring and assessing for potential adverse reactions, especially considering the differences in pediatric patients compared to adults. By knowing these risk factors, healthcare professionals can better anticipate and prevent potential drug reactions, ensuring safe and effective care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most likely diagnosis for the 7-year-old boy exhibiting separation anxiety, temper issues, and withdrawal after his parents' divorce is option D) Separation anxiety disorder. Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures, leading to distress or avoidance behaviors. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), option A, is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, rather than the specific anxiety and distress related to separation. Conduct disorder, option B, involves a pattern of violating the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules. The behaviors seen in the boy are more aligned with anxiety and distress rather than conduct issues. Major depressive disorder, option C, presents with a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities, which may be present in some cases after a significant life event like parental divorce but would not fully capture the anxiety and withdrawal behaviors seen in the boy. Educationally, understanding the differentiation between these disorders is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and provide appropriate care for children facing emotional challenges. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of separation anxiety disorder can lead to early intervention and support for the child during a difficult time, promoting their overall well-being and mental health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Granulomata. In the context of differentiating between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the presence of granulomas is a histological feature specific to Crohn's disease. Granulomas are collections of immune cells that form in response to chronic inflammatory conditions, and their presence in the intestinal tissue helps to distinguish Crohn's from ulcerative colitis. Option A) Crypt abscesses are a feature seen in ulcerative colitis, not Crohn's disease. They represent the accumulation of neutrophils in the crypts of the intestinal glands. Option C) Lymphocytic infiltrate is a nonspecific finding in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and therefore does not differentiate between the two conditions. Option D) Paneth cells are a normal component of the small intestine and are not specific to either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In an educational context, understanding the histological features of inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is crucial for healthcare professionals working in pediatrics. Recognizing these differences can aid in accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and better patient outcomes. By grasping these nuances, nurses can provide more effective care to pediatric patients with these conditions.