ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
Infants with congenital rubella should be isolated while in the hospital and kept away from susceptible pregnant women when sent home for about
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital rubella infants shed virus for up to 1 year (A), requiring isolation to protect pregnant women, per CDC guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
A 7-day-old infant, a product of normal vaginal delivery, presented with history of clear, watery discharge from both eyes that became purulent; on examination there is conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis. Of the following, the recommended treatment is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Purulent conjunctivitis at 7 days suggests gonococcal infection, treated with IM ceftriaxone (E) to prevent complications, per CDC.
Question 3 of 5
In late-onset sepsis (8 to 28 days), the LEAST common focal infection result from hematogenous seeding is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumonia (C) is less common in late-onset sepsis from hematogenous spread, unlike arthritis (A), meningitis (B), osteomyelitis (D), or UTI (E), per neonatal data.
Question 4 of 5
In intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus may be managed with serial daily lumbar punctures, an external ventriculostomy tube, or a permanent ventricular-peritoneal shunt. Implementation of the shunt often is delayed because of the
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shunt delay in IVH hydrocephalus is due to high protein (D) clogging risk, more than RBCs (C), infection (B), kinking (A), or glucose (E).
Question 5 of 5
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 live births but the incidence of NEC in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NEC incidence in NICU is 10-18% (B), higher than general population due to preterm predominance, per neonatal stats.