Individuals with defects in T cell development hav

Question 1 of 5

Individuals with defects in T cell development have a severe immunodeficiency disease called SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease). In these individuals, the absence of all T cells causes defects in both cell-mediated (T cell-based) and humoral (antibody-based) immune responses. The defect in antibody responses in SCID patients is due to:

A. The important role of T cells in regulating B cell development in the bone marrow B. The inter-dependence of T cells and B cells for the normal development of secondary lymphoid organs C. The absence of phagocytic cells needed for antibody-dependent pathogen clearance in SCID patients D. T follicular helper cells are critical for antibody responses

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: T follicular helper cells are critical for antibody responses; B-cell development is T-independent, organs form , phagocytes exist , B cells survive .

Question 2 of 5

The TCR signaling module leading to transcription factor activation is dependent on the enzyme phospholipase-C-Î³ (PLC-Î³). The mechanism by which PLC-Î³ activates multiple transcription factors is by:

A. Generating two small second messengers that act on multiple target proteins in the T cell B. Directly cleaving inhibitory subunits of multiple transcription factors, thereby releasing the active transcription factors C. Generating two small second messengers that diffuse to the nucleus and activate transcription factors present there D. Generating two small second messengers that act as chaperones to promote nuclear localization of transcription factors

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: PLC-Î³ produces IP3 and DAG , activating transcription factors; not direct cleavage , nuclear diffusion , or chaperones .

Question 3 of 5

What substance, produced by virus-infected cells, diffuses to neighboring cells to help them fight a viral infection?

A. lysozyme B. interferon C. histamine D. interleukin-2

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Interferon is produced by virus-infected cells and signals nearby cells to enhance antiviral defenses, unlike lysozyme (antibacterial), histamine (inflammation), or interleukin-2 (immune activation).

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

A. The primary response is specific; the secondary one is not B. The secondary response is faster and stronger C. The primary response involves B cells; the secondary one involves T cells D. The secondary response allows additional antigens to be recognized faster

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The secondary response, driven by memory cells, is faster and stronger than the primary, both being specific and involving B/T cells.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following innate immune response statements is false?

A. Surface receptors of innate immune cells recognise pathogen molecular patterns B. Results in the production of pathogen-specific antibodies and long-term memory C. Innate immunity enables rapid/immediate response to invading pathogens D. Includes internal defences such as phagocytosis of invading pathogens by innate immune cells

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Innate immunity is rapid and nonspecific, involving receptors and phagocytosis, but does not produce specific antibodies or memory, which are adaptive immunity features.

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