Indications of synthetic estrogens are following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Synthetic estrogens are used to treat conditions related to hormonal imbalances. 2. Primary hypogonadism, postmenopausal hormonal therapy, and hormonal contraception are common indications for synthetic estrogens. 3. Simple obesity is not a condition related to hormonal imbalances. 4. Thus, using synthetic estrogens for the treatment of simple obesity is not a valid indication. Summary: A, B, and C are valid indications for synthetic estrogens as they involve hormonal imbalances. D is incorrect as simple obesity does not involve hormonal imbalances.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Interferon gamma is associated with the side effect of fatigue due to its immunomodulatory effects causing systemic symptoms. This side effect is commonly reported in patients receiving interferon therapy. Hypertension, pulmonary edema, and nephrotoxicity are not typically linked to interferon gamma therapy. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - All of the above. Cholestyramine binds bile acids, leading to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin K. Coumarins inhibit the recycling of vitamin K epoxide, reducing its availability. Certain antibiotics disrupt gut flora, affecting vitamin K production. Therefore, all choices prevent vitamin K from exerting its metabolic effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because drug combinations are likely synergistic when they target different steps in the same pathway, resulting in additive or synergistic effects. This increases efficacy and reduces side effects. Choice B is incorrect as the statement is true. Choices C and D are incorrect as they are not valid options in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, exerts its effects through genomic effects (regulating gene expression) and cytoplasmic effects (regulating calcium transport). This is crucial for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. A is incorrect because cholecalciferol is typically administered orally and does not require frequent monitoring of calcium and phosphorus serum levels. B is incorrect because cholecalciferol promotes bone formation by enhancing osteoblast activity, not inhibiting osteoclasts. C is incorrect because cholecalciferol actually helps increase serum calcium levels by enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines and promoting calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, rather than lowering them.