Indications of alendronate are the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (A): Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease by inhibiting bone resorption. It is not indicated for hypoparathyroidism, which involves low levels of calcium due to parathyroid hormone deficiency. Alendronate does not address the underlying cause of hypoparathyroidism. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Alendronate is used for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. C: Alendronate is indicated for Paget's disease. D: Alendronate is effective for syndromes of ectopic calcification.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lincomycin. Lincomycin is not a macrolide antibiotic, unlike the other options. Macrolide antibiotics have a macrocyclic lactone ring structure, which is absent in Lincomycin. Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Roxythromycin are macrolides with a similar structure and mechanism of action as they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Therefore, Lincomycin is the correct answer as it does not belong to the macrolide class of antibiotics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infections of urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Nitrofuranes are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and certain gastrointestinal infections due to their effectiveness against a variety of bacteria commonly found in these areas. Nitrofuranes are not typically used to treat respiratory infections (choice A), syphilis (choice C), or tuberculosis (choice D) as there are more appropriate antibiotics available for these conditions. Therefore, choice B is the correct indication for nitrofuranes based on their spectrum of activity and clinical effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to the enzyme reverse transcriptase. 2. Nevirapine is an NNRTI that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 3. Zidovudine (A) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. 4. Vidarabine (B) is a nucleoside analog antiviral medication. 5. Gancyclovir (D) is a nucleoside analog antiviral used for herpesvirus infections. Summary: Choice C (Nevirapine) is the correct answer as it belongs to the class of NNRTIs by inhibiting reverse transcriptase enzyme. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they belong to the class of nucleoside analog antivirals, not NNRTIs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator commonly used to relieve angina symptoms. Step 2: Cellular tolerance can develop with prolonged nitroglycerin use, reducing its effectiveness. Step 3: In this case, the patient's anginal episodes suggest a diminished response to nitroglycerin. Step 4: This is supported by the fact that increasing metabolism (Choice C) or insufficient dosage (Choice D) would not explain the reduced efficacy. Step 5: Vasospasm (Choice A) would be less likely as the primary cause compared to cellular tolerance.