Indications for Pneumonectomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the field of cardiovascular health, understanding the indications for pneumonectomy is crucial for healthcare professionals. A pneumonectomy is the surgical removal of a lung, and it is typically indicated in cases where the lung is severely compromised and cannot function properly. The correct answer, option D) "All of the above," is the correct choice because a pneumonectomy may be indicated for a variety of conditions, including a malignant lung tumor, severe lung infections that are unresponsive to other treatments, and traumatic injuries to the lung that cannot be managed conservatively. Option A) "Malignant tumor" is a common indication for a pneumonectomy because removing the affected lung lobe can help prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Option B) "Severe lung infection" may require a pneumonectomy if the infection is localized and cannot be controlled with antibiotics or other therapies. Option C) "Trauma" can also necessitate a pneumonectomy if the lung is severely damaged and cannot be repaired. Educationally, understanding the indications for pneumonectomy is essential for healthcare professionals working in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, oncology, pulmonology, and critical care. It is important to be able to recognize when a patient may benefit from this surgical intervention and to understand the potential risks and benefits associated with the procedure. Healthcare providers must weigh the indications for pneumonectomy against the potential impact on the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A) Take his blood pressure in his right arm while he is sitting and resting. This is the most appropriate nursing action because measuring blood pressure in a standardized and consistent manner is crucial for accurate assessment. Taking the blood pressure in a specific arm while the patient is sitting and at rest allows for a reliable baseline measurement. This is important for monitoring trends and making informed decisions about treatment. Option B is incorrect because it is not the nurse's role to diagnose or prescribe medication. It is essential to follow proper protocols and consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Option C is also incorrect as immediate referral to a physician may not be necessary based solely on one high blood pressure reading. Nurses play a critical role in initial assessment and monitoring before escalating care. Option D is incorrect because it is not appropriate to reassure a patient that elevated blood pressure is normal. It is essential to address high blood pressure with further assessment and potential interventions to prevent complications. In an educational context, understanding the correct procedure for measuring blood pressure and the role of the nurse in initial assessment is fundamental for nursing practice. This question highlights the importance of accurate assessment and appropriate nursing actions in managing patients with high blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) vasodilating action. Nitrates are medications commonly used to treat angina by dilating blood vessels, which helps increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. The side effects of nitrates, such as headaches and dizziness, are primarily a result of their vasodilating action. When blood vessels dilate, it can lead to a drop in blood pressure, causing these side effects. Option A) rapid action is incorrect because the speed of action of nitrates is not the primary cause of their side effects. Option C) direct cellular action is incorrect because while nitrates do have a direct effect on smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, it is the resulting vasodilation that leads to side effects. Option D) poor absorption is incorrect as nitrates are well absorbed when taken orally or sublingually. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of medications like nitrates is crucial for healthcare professionals to effectively manage patient care. By knowing that the side effects are primarily due to the vasodilating action of nitrates, healthcare providers can anticipate and address these issues in patients taking these medications, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Walking or bicycling 20 minutes at least three times a week. After an inferior-wall myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, it is crucial for Mr. Bradley to engage in a regular aerobic exercise program to improve his cardiovascular health. Walking or bicycling at least three times a week for 20 minutes helps in improving cardiovascular fitness, strengthening the heart, and enhancing overall well-being without putting excessive strain on the heart. Option A) Golf or bowling two or three times a week may not provide a consistent level of aerobic exercise required for cardiovascular benefits. These activities are not as effective in improving cardiovascular fitness as sustained aerobic exercises like walking or cycling. Option C) Running the quarter mile daily may be too strenuous for someone recovering from a heart attack, especially if they are just starting an exercise program. High-intensity exercises like running may put excessive strain on the heart and lead to complications. Option D) Lifting weights daily is more focused on strength training rather than cardiovascular fitness. While strength training is beneficial, especially when supervised and tailored to the individual, aerobic exercise is more critical initially for cardiovascular recovery. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on the appropriate type and intensity of exercise post-myocardial infarction. Emphasizing the importance of aerobic exercises like walking or cycling can help patients like Mr. Bradley improve their heart health, reduce the risk of future cardiac events, and enhance their overall quality of life. Monitoring and gradually increasing the intensity of exercise under medical supervision is key to a safe and effective recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: Bolus IV followed by lidocaine drip at 2 mg/min. This treatment approach is appropriate for Mr. Murphy's situation because lidocaine is a class IB antiarrhythmic medication commonly used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Administering a bolus intravenous (IV) dose followed by a maintenance drip helps rapidly achieve therapeutic levels to stabilize the arrhythmia. Option A is incorrect because giving GM 7-p.o. (presumably glucose monitoring) is not a treatment for arrhythmias. Option C is incorrect as repeatedly administering bolus doses every 5 minutes is not the standard protocol for lidocaine administration and may lead to toxicity. Option D is also incorrect as administering a continuous IV drip at 1 mg/min is insufficient to rapidly manage a ventricular arrhythmia. Educationally, understanding the appropriate administration of antiarrhythmic medications is crucial for nurses caring for patients with cardiovascular issues. Recognizing the urgency of arrhythmias and knowing the correct dosing and administration routes can be life-saving. It is important to be familiar with the pharmacological actions of medications like lidocaine to provide safe and effective care to patients in acute situations.