Indication of glucocorticoids is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Glucocorticoids are indicated for a wide range of conditions due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. A: Glucocorticoids are used in both chronic (Addison's disease) and acute adrenocortical insufficiency to replace deficient cortisol levels. B: Glucocorticoids are essential for preventing rejection in organ transplant recipients by suppressing the immune response. C: Glucocorticoids are effective in managing inflammatory conditions of bones and joints by reducing inflammation and pain. Therefore, the correct answer is D because glucocorticoids are indicated for all the mentioned conditions due to their diverse mechanisms of action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale for choice B being correct: 1. Pantothenic acid is an essential constituent of coenzyme A (CoA). 2. Coenzyme A is crucial for acyl transfer in the TCA cycle and de novo fatty acid synthesis. 3. De novo fatty acid synthesis requires CoA for the activation and transport of acyl groups. 4. Without pantothenic acid, CoA cannot function properly in these metabolic processes. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6, not pantothenic acid. It is involved in amino acid metabolism, not pantothenic acid. C: Pantothenic acid is not primarily known for its antioxidant properties; its main role is as a precursor for CoA. D: The described reactions involve other coenzymes like biotin and vitamin B12, not pantothenic acid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Clofibrate is the drug of choice for type III hyperlipidemia due to its ability to reduce triglyceride levels. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the specific drug recommended for type III hyperlipidemia. Choice B is incorrect as clofibrate is indeed the preferred drug for this condition. Choice C is incorrect as not all options are valid in this context. Choice D is incorrect as there is a specific drug recommended for type III hyperlipidemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Glucocorticoid hormones affect bone mineral homeostasis by antagonizing vitamin D-stimulated calcium absorption in the intestines, stimulating renal calcium excretion, and increasing parathyroid hormone-induced bone resorption. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all these mechanisms contribute to the overall impact of glucocorticoids on bone health. Choices A, B, and C alone do not fully capture the multifaceted effects of glucocorticoids on bone mineral homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it presents incorrect information about fluoride. Subjects living in areas with naturally fluoridated water actually have fewer dental caries, not more. This is due to the protective effect of fluoride on teeth. The other choices are correct: A) Fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries by strengthening the enamel, B) Fluoride does accumulate in bones and teeth, enhancing their strength, and D) Chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride can lead to skeletal fluorosis, not just crippling fluorosis. Therefore, C is the only statement that contradicts established facts about fluoride.