Indicate the sympathomimetic drug, which is used in a hypotensive emergency:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. 2. In a hypotensive emergency, vasoconstriction is needed to increase blood pressure. 3. Phenylephrine causes vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-1 receptors, raising blood pressure. 4. Xylometazoline (A) is a nasal decongestant, Ephedrine (B) acts on multiple receptors, and Terbutaline (C) is a beta-2 agonist, not ideal for hypotensive emergencies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Zolpidem and zaleplon are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics that have demonstrated similar effectiveness to benzodiazepines in managing sleep disorders. They act on the same GABA receptors as benzodiazepines, promoting sleep. This similarity in efficacy is supported by clinical trials and research studies. Incorrect choices B, C, and D are refuted as they do not align with the established evidence of the comparable effectiveness of zolpidem and zaleplon to benzodiazepines in treating sleep disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because levetiracetam has fewer drug interactions, is effective for a wide range of seizure types, and does not cause cognitive dysfunction. Firstly, it has a lower potential for interactions compared to other antiseizure drugs. Secondly, it is known to be effective in treating various seizure types, making it a versatile option. Lastly, it has a favorable side effect profile with minimal impact on cognitive function, setting it apart from some other antiseizure medications. Therefore, the main benefit of levetiracetam lies in its comprehensive advantages over other antiseizure drugs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Naloxone. Naloxone is a full antagonist of opioid receptors because it binds strongly to these receptors, blocking their activation by opioids. This competitive inhibition prevents opioid drugs from exerting their effects, making naloxone an effective overdose reversal agent. Meperidine (A) is a partial agonist, buprenorphine (B) is a partial agonist with mixed antagonist activity, and butorphanol (D) is a mixed agonist-antagonist. Therefore, they do not fully block opioid receptors like naloxone does.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because aspirin does have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. A is correct as aspirin inhibits mainly peripheral COX-1. C is correct as aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking thromboxane synthesis. D is incorrect as aspirin does not stimulate respiration but can cause respiratory alkalosis at toxic doses due to metabolic acidosis.