Indicate the opioid analgesic which is used for relieving the acute severe pain of renal colic:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Meperidine. Meperidine is the preferred opioid analgesic for relieving acute severe pain of renal colic due to its rapid onset of action and short duration of effect. It is particularly useful in this scenario as it provides quick pain relief without causing excessive sedation or respiratory depression. A: Morphine is a strong opioid analgesic but is not the preferred choice for renal colic due to its slower onset of action. B: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and is used to reverse opioid overdose, not for pain relief. C: Methadone is a long-acting opioid analgesic and is not typically used for acute severe pain relief such as in renal colic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blocking a major degradative pathway for the amine neurotransmitters, which permits more amines to accumulate in presynaptic stores. MAO inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. By inhibiting this enzyme, MAO inhibitors allow these neurotransmitters to accumulate in the synaptic cleft, leading to increased neurotransmission. A: Blocking the amine reuptake pumps is the mechanism of action for tricyclic antidepressants, not MAO inhibitors. C: Inhibiting the storage of amine neurotransmitters in vesicles is not a known mechanism of action for MAO inhibitors. D: Antagonism of alpha2-norepinephrine receptors is the mechanism of action for alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, not MAO inhibitors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Bemegride has both central and reflector effects. It acts centrally by stimulating the medullar respiratory center (not inhibiting it as in choice A), and peripherally by stimulating chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus zone (not acting as a spinal analeptic as in choice D). Therefore, choice C accurately describes the dual mechanism of action of Bemegride, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because tranquilizers typically produce euphoria, burst of energy, increase in motor activity, and a warm sensation throughout the body. This is due to the sedative effects of tranquilizers, which can initially induce feelings of relaxation and well-being. Choice B is incorrect because visual hallucinations and distorted perception of time and space are more commonly associated with hallucinogens rather than tranquilizers. Choice C is incorrect because physical bliss, body lightness, a wish to fly, and motionlessness are not typical effects of tranquilizer intoxication. Choice D is incorrect because synaesthesia, where senses mix and one sensory experience triggers another, is not a common effect of tranquilizers intoxication. In summary, choice A is the correct answer as it aligns with the typical features of tranquilizers intoxication, while the other choices do not accurately describe the effects of tranquilizers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the antitussive agents that have a peripheral effect. Step 2: Understand that antitussive agents with a peripheral effect act outside the central nervous system. Step 3: Recognize that Libexine is the only antitussive agent among the choices that exerts its effect peripherally. Step 4: Codeine and Tusuprex primarily act centrally, not peripherally. Step 5: Glaucine hydrochloride is a smooth muscle relaxant and not typically classified as an antitussive agent with a peripheral effect.