Indicate the nonopioid agent of central effect with analgesic activity:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clopheline. Clopheline is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist known for its analgesic effects by modulating pain perception in the central nervous system. Reserpine (A) is not an analgesic drug but rather a monoamine depletor. Propranolol (B) is a beta-blocker primarily used for cardiac conditions, not for its analgesic properties. Prazosin (D) is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist mainly used for hypertension and not known for its analgesic effects. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly acts on the central nervous system to provide analgesia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Significant abuse potential. Cordiamine is primarily used as a cardiac analeptic, respiratory analeptic, and coronarodilatator, meaning it stimulates cardiac and respiratory functions and dilates coronary blood vessels. There is no evidence or indication that cordiamine has significant abuse potential. It is not a psychoactive substance and does not produce euphoria or addiction. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the principal properties of cordiamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine known for its high abuse potential due to its sedative and hypnotic effects. Step 2: Benzodiazepines like diazepam can lead to physical and psychological dependence. Step 3: Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with low abuse potential. Step 4: Phenobarbital is a barbiturate with significant abuse potential but generally less than benzodiazepines. Step 5: Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic with lower abuse potential compared to benzodiazepines like diazepam.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The reflex mechanism. Cytiton acts by triggering a reflex mechanism, which involves a response to a stimulus that is automatic and involuntary. This mechanism is distinct from direct activation of the respiratory center (choice A) or a mixed mechanism (choice C). Choice D is incorrect as Cytiton does have a specific action mechanism. In summary, the correct choice is B because it accurately describes how Cytiton works through a reflex mechanism, while the other choices do not align with the known pharmacological action of Cytiton.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sodium phosphate. Osmotic laxatives like sodium phosphate work by drawing water into the colon to soften the stool and stimulate bowel movements. Docusate sodium (A) is a stool softener, not an osmotic laxative. Bisacodyl (B) is a stimulant laxative that works by increasing muscle contractions in the intestines. Phenolphthalein (C) was previously used as a laxative but has been banned due to safety concerns.