ATI RN
NCLEX Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a long-acting agent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B (Lidocaine) is the correct answer: 1. Lidocaine has a longer duration of action compared to Procaine and Mepivacaine. 2. Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic, but it has a longer duration of action than Lidocaine. 3. Therefore, among the given choices, Lidocaine is the long-acting agent with a duration of action longer than Procaine and Mepivacaine. Summary: A: Bupivacaine - Incorrect, longer-acting than Lidocaine. C: Procaine - Incorrect, shorter-acting than Lidocaine. D: Mepivacaine - Incorrect, shorter-acting than Lidocaine.
Question 2 of 5
Depolarizing agents include all of the following properties EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because depolarizing agents, like succinylcholine, directly open the nicotinic receptor channel causing prolonged depolarization. Choice B is correct, as depolarizing agents react with the nicotinic receptor to cause depolarization. Choice C is incorrect because desensitization and flaccid paralysis are associated with non-depolarizing agents. Choice D is incorrect because cholinesterase inhibitors can reverse non-depolarizing blockade by preventing acetylcholine breakdown.
Question 3 of 5
Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may cause hypotension, presumably because of a clonidine-like effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Xylometazoline is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. 2. Activation of alpha-2 receptors centrally leads to reduced sympathetic outflow and vasodilation. 3. Vasodilation can cause hypotension, similar to clonidine's mechanism. 4. Methoxamine (A) and phenylephrine (B) are alpha-1 agonists, causing vasoconstriction. 5. Isoproterenol (D) is a non-selective beta agonist, leading to increased heart rate and contractility, potentially causing hypertension.
Question 4 of 5
Beta-receptor antagonists cause:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inhibition of glycogenolysis. 1. Beta-receptor antagonists inhibit the action of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine). 2. Catecholamines normally stimulate beta-receptors, promoting glycogenolysis. 3. Therefore, beta-blockers block this stimulation, leading to the inhibition of glycogenolysis. Summary: A: Stimulation of lipolysis - Incorrect. Beta-blockers do not stimulate lipolysis. B: Stimulation of gluconeogenesis - Incorrect. Beta-blockers do not stimulate gluconeogenesis. D: Stimulation of insulin secretion - Incorrect. Beta-blockers actually inhibit insulin secretion.
Question 5 of 5
All of the hypnotic drugs induce:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease the duration of REM sleep. Hypnotic drugs typically suppress REM sleep, leading to a decrease in its duration. This is because these drugs act on the central nervous system to promote sedation and reduce the amount of time spent in REM sleep. Choice A is incorrect as hypnotic drugs do not increase the duration of REM sleep. Choice C is also incorrect as these drugs do alter the duration of REM sleep. Choice D is incorrect since hypnotic drugs do not increase the duration of slow wave sleep, which is a different stage of sleep compared to REM sleep.