Indicate the laxative drug belonging to osmotic laxatives:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sodium phosphate. Osmotic laxatives like sodium phosphate work by drawing water into the colon to soften the stool and stimulate bowel movements. Docusate sodium (A) is a stool softener, not an osmotic laxative. Bisacodyl (B) is a stimulant laxative that works by increasing muscle contractions in the intestines. Phenolphthalein (C) was previously used as a laxative but has been banned due to safety concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above," because all three choices are nitrates used for the prevention of angina attacks. Nitroglycerin, in both ointment and oral sustained-release forms, works by dilating blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart, reducing angina symptoms. Isosorbide mononitrate is another nitrate used for the same purpose. Therefore, all three options are effective in preventing angina attacks. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because each drug listed is individually used for angina prevention, making the correct answer D, as it includes all the effective drugs for this purpose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Angiotensinamide. This is because angiotensinamide is a hormone produced endogenously by the body that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. Rationale: 1. Angiotensinamide is a naturally occurring hormone in the body. 2. It acts specifically as a vasoconstrictor, narrowing blood vessels. 3. This physiological function of angiotensinamide helps regulate blood pressure. 4. In contrast, choices A, B, and C are exogenous substances with pharmacological vasoconstrictive effects, not endogenously produced hormones like angiotensinamide. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they are synthetic substances with vasoconstrictive properties, whereas angiotensinamide is the correct answer as it is an endogenous vasoconstrictor hormone in the body.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Thyroid hormones actually increase the basal metabolic rate, not decline it. This is because thyroid hormones stimulate cellular metabolism and energy production. Choice B is incorrect as thyroid hormones do increase the rate and force of contraction of the heart. Choice C is incorrect as thyroid hormones decrease blood cholesterol levels. Choice D is correct as thyroid hormones do increase heat production through their effects on metabolism.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A: Progesterone is rapidly absorbed as it has high bioavailability. B: Progesterone is metabolized in the liver to pregnanediol and conjugated with glucuronic acid. C: Progestins and their metabolites are excreted in urine, indicating systemic circulation. Therefore, D is correct as all statements are true.