Indicate the inhaled anesthetic,which reduces arterial pressure and heart rate:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Isoflurane. Isoflurane is known to reduce arterial pressure and heart rate. It achieves this through its vasodilatory effects, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance and cardiac depression. Halothane can cause arrhythmias and increased heart rate. Desflurane can increase heart rate and arterial pressure due to sympathetic activation. Nitrous oxide typically has minimal effects on heart rate and arterial pressure. Therefore, the correct choice is isoflurane due to its specific physiological effects that result in reduced arterial pressure and heart rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urokinase. Urokinase is a thrombolytic agent that works by breaking down blood clots, not preventing platelet aggregation like the other options. Aspirin inhibits COX enzyme, Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel are both ADP receptor antagonists which prevent platelet activation. Therefore, urokinase does not belong to the class of antiplatelet agents.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Calcium channel blockers reduce the inward movement of calcium during the action potential in cardiac muscle cells, leading to a decrease in the intracellular calcium concentration. This results in a direct negative inotropic effect by reducing the force of contraction of the heart muscle. Choices B and D are incorrect because calcium channel blockers do indeed have direct negative inotropic effects. Choice C is incorrect as well because not all choices are correct; only choice A is accurate based on the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers in cardiac muscle cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Losartan is a non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. 2. Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. 3. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor. 4. Diazoxide is a potassium channel activator, used for hyperinsulinism. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it specifically targets angiotensin II receptors, unlike the other choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because many hormones actually exert their effects by interacting with specific receptors on the cell membrane rather than acting directly on subcellular membranes. This interaction triggers a series of intracellular events that lead to a cellular response. Option A is true as hormones indeed interact with specific receptors on cell walls. Option B is true as cyclic AMP is a common second messenger system utilized by hormones. Option C is true as many hormones stimulate adenylcyclase enzyme as part of their signaling pathway.