Indicate the drugs of choice for reversing the withdrawal syndrome:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Benzodiazepines. They are the drugs of choice for reversing withdrawal syndromes due to their ability to target the central nervous system and alleviate symptoms by acting on GABA receptors. Benzodiazepines help to reduce anxiety, seizures, and other withdrawal symptoms effectively. Neuroleptics (choice B) are not typically recommended for treating withdrawal symptoms as they may worsen certain symptoms. Antidepressants (choice C) are not the first-line treatment for reversing withdrawal syndromes as they mainly target mood disorders. Choice D is incorrect because not all the options are drugs of choice for reversing withdrawal syndromes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis, crucial for red blood cell formation. 2. Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by large, immature red blood cells. 3. Folic acid deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia. 4. Therefore, folic acid supplementation is recommended for treating megaloblastic anemia. Summary: - Choice A is correct because folic acid is recommended for treating megaloblastic anemia due to its role in red blood cell formation. - Choice B is incorrect because folic acid is indeed recommended for megaloblastic anemia treatment. - Choice C is incorrect as it implies all choices are correct, which is not the case. - Choice D is incorrect as folic acid is recommended for megaloblastic anemia treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Quinidine. Quinidine is a Class IA antiarrhythmic drug that works by blocking sodium channels, prolonging the action potential duration, and delaying repolarization in cardiac cells. This helps in treating atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol (A) is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug, Propranolol (B) is a beta-blocker, and Verapamil (C) is a calcium channel blocker, not Class IA antiarrhythmics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Minoxidil. Minoxidil is a direct-acting vasodilator, not a central-acting antihypertensive drug. Central-acting antihypertensive drugs like Methyldopa, Clonidine, and Moxonidine work by acting on the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic outflow, thereby lowering blood pressure. Minoxidil, on the other hand, works by directly relaxing smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. So, Minoxidil does not belong to the category of central-acting antihypertensive drugs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because vinpocetine is known to dilate cerebral vessels, leading to improved blood supply to the brain. This mechanism of action helps enhance cerebral circulation and oxygen delivery, thereby potentially improving cognitive function. Choice B is incorrect because vinpocetine does not constrict cerebral vessels and decrease blood supply. Choice C is incorrect as vinpocetine does not directly stimulate GABA-receptors to increase cerebral metabolic processes. Choice D is incorrect as vinpocetine does not constrict peripheral vessels and increase blood pressure.