Indicate the drugs influencing the blood flow in the brain - derivatives of GABA:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Aminalon and Picamilon are GABA derivatives known to influence blood flow in the brain by enhancing cerebral circulation. 2. GABA derivatives like Aminalon and Picamilon act as vasodilators, improving blood flow without affecting blood pressure. 3. Nimodipine and Cinnarizine are calcium channel blockers that mainly act on vascular smooth muscle, not directly related to GABA. 4. Heparin and Warfarin are anticoagulants used to prevent blood clots, not directly affecting blood flow in the brain. 5. Vinpocetine and Nicergoline are vasodilators that enhance cerebral blood flow, but they are not derivatives of GABA.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Glucocorticoids do have anti-inflammatory effects, not pro-inflammatory effects. Glucocorticoids work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. This is why they are commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements about glucocorticoids. Choice A is correct because glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, which are part of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Choice B is correct because glucocorticoids do have dose-related metabolic effects on carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Choice D is correct because glucocorticoids do have catabolic effects in various tissues such as lymphoid and connective tissue, muscle, fat, and skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phenothiazines. Phenothiazines such as Diprazine and Promethazine are noted for their alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect. This is due to their ability to block alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Other choices (A, B, C) do not possess this specific alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect and are not classified as histamine H1 antagonists known for this property. Therefore, the correct answer is D as phenothiazines exhibit the unique characteristic of alpha-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect among the given options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Beri-beri is indeed a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, endemic in eastern and southern Asia, and characterized by neurological symptoms, cardiovascular abnormalities, and edema. This is the classic definition of Beri-beri. Choice B is incorrect because it describes angular stomatitis, which is caused by a deficiency of riboflavin, not thiamine as in Beri-beri. Choice C is incorrect because it describes cheilosis, a disorder of the lips associated with riboflavin deficiency, not thiamine deficiency as seen in Beri-beri. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the classic presentation and etiology of Beri-beri.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. HDL is a lipoprotein associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease due to its small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides. It is also known as alpha-lipoprotein. Choice B is incorrect as it describes LDL, not HDL. Choice C is incorrect because high amounts of cholesterol are associated with LDL, not HDL. Choice D is incorrect as it describes chylomicrons, not HDL.