ATI RN
The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Indicate the drug, which is rapidly and fully distributed into CNS and has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scopolamine. Scopolamine is rapidly and fully distributed into the central nervous system (CNS) due to its high lipid solubility. It has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently. Atropine (A) has less CNS penetration than scopolamine. Homatropine (C) has a shorter duration of action and lower CNS penetration. Ipratropium (D) is primarily used for its bronchodilator effects and has minimal CNS penetration. Therefore, based on its pharmacokinetic properties, scopolamine is the most suitable option for rapid and potent CNS effects among the choices provided.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the sympathomimetic drug, which is used in a hypotensive emergency:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. 2. In a hypotensive emergency, vasoconstriction is needed to increase blood pressure. 3. Phenylephrine causes vasoconstriction by stimulating alpha-1 receptors, raising blood pressure. 4. Xylometazoline (A) is a nasal decongestant, Ephedrine (B) acts on multiple receptors, and Terbutaline (C) is a beta-2 agonist, not ideal for hypotensive emergencies.
Question 3 of 5
Indicate a beta receptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxprenolol. Oxprenolol is a beta receptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, meaning it has partial agonist activity along with blocking effects. This can result in less reduction of heart rate and blood pressure compared to non-selective beta blockers like Propranolol (A). Metoprolol (C) and Carvedilol (D) are both beta blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, making them incorrect choices.
Question 4 of 5
Zolpidem and zaleplon have effectiveness similar to that of hypnotic benzodiazepines in the management of sleep disorders.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Zolpidem and zaleplon are non-benzodiazepine hypnotics that have demonstrated similar effectiveness to benzodiazepines in managing sleep disorders. They act on the same GABA receptors as benzodiazepines, promoting sleep. This similarity in efficacy is supported by clinical trials and research studies. Incorrect choices B, C, and D are refuted as they do not align with the established evidence of the comparable effectiveness of zolpidem and zaleplon to benzodiazepines in treating sleep disorders.
Question 5 of 5
The main benefit of levetiracetam over other antiseizure drugs is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because levetiracetam has fewer drug interactions, is effective for a wide range of seizure types, and does not cause cognitive dysfunction. Firstly, it has a lower potential for interactions compared to other antiseizure drugs. Secondly, it is known to be effective in treating various seizure types, making it a versatile option. Lastly, it has a favorable side effect profile with minimal impact on cognitive function, setting it apart from some other antiseizure medications. Therefore, the main benefit of levetiracetam lies in its comprehensive advantages over other antiseizure drugs.