Indicate the drug which increases absorption of iron from intestine:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid enhances the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing it to a more absorbable form. This helps increase the uptake of iron in the intestine. Cyanocobalamin (A) is Vitamin B12, not involved in iron absorption. Folic acid (B) is essential for DNA synthesis but does not directly affect iron absorption. Erythropoietin (D) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, but it does not impact iron absorption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Rationale: 1. Validol has a moderate reflex and vascular dilative action due to nerve stimulation, making statement A true. 2. It is administered sublingually, with effects seen in 5 minutes and 70% released in 3 minutes, supporting statement B. 3. Validol is used for angina, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and headaches related to nitrates, confirming statement C. 4. Since statements A, B, and C are all true, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all the valid statements.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clots, which can be beneficial in disorders of cerebral circulation to reduce the risk of clot formation and improve blood flow. Aspirin (A) is an antiplatelet drug that inhibits platelet aggregation, not directly related to anticoagulants in the same way as heparin. Cinnarizine (B) is a calcium channel blocker used for vertigo and motion sickness, unrelated to anticoagulants. Nicergoline (C) is a drug used for improving cognitive function in dementia, not directly related to anticoagulants or cerebral circulation disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insulin is a small protein hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 5808 and contains disulfide linkages. This structure allows insulin to be stable and function effectively in regulating blood glucose levels. The other choices are incorrect because insulin is not a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000, a fructooligosaccharide, or a catecholamine, as these do not align with the known characteristics and functions of insulin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Eicosanoids are a group of signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes are all types of eicosanoids. Prostaglandins are involved in inflammation, pain, and fever regulation. Leukotrienes play a role in allergic and inflammatory responses. Thromboxanes are important for blood clotting and vasoconstriction. Therefore, all three choices are correct as they are all considered eicosanoids based on their chemical structure and biological functions.