Indicate the drug of choice for status epilepticus in infants and children:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phenobarbital sodium. It is the drug of choice for status epilepticus in infants and children due to its rapid onset of action, effectiveness in controlling seizures, and safety profile. Phenobarbital is a barbiturate that acts as a GABA agonist, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. Clonazepam (B) is also effective but may not provide as rapid seizure control. Ethosuximide (C) is indicated for absence seizures, not status epilepticus. Phenytoin (D) is not recommended in infants due to the risk of causing severe adverse effects like cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 1. Tramadol has weak mu agonist effects due to its opioid activity. 2. Tramadol inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, enhancing their effects. 3. Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist with no effect on neurotransmitter reuptake. 4. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, not affecting mu receptors. 5. Butorphanol is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, not a mu agonist like Tramadol.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clozapine is the correct answer because it has high affinity for both D4 and 5-HT2 receptors. Clozapine's unique pharmacological profile contributes to its effectiveness in treating refractory schizophrenia. Fluphenazine, Thioridazine, and Haloperidol do not have as high affinity for both D4 and 5-HT2 receptors, making them less effective in managing symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above," because all three options (Doxepin, Amitriptyline, Trazodone) are known for their sedative effects due to their antihistaminic properties. Doxepin and Amitriptyline are tricyclic antidepressants that have strong sedative effects, primarily through histamine receptor blockade. Trazodone, a heterocyclic antidepressant, also has potent sedative properties due to its strong antihistaminic effects. Therefore, all three medications can cause significant sedation. The other answer choices are incorrect because each of the individual medications listed (A: Doxepin, B: Amitriptyline, C: Trazodone) can cause sedation, so selecting "All of the above" encompasses the correct sedative properties of all the options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anxiolytics are medications that help manage anxiety disorders. They are also used for treating epilepsy and seizures due to their calming effects on the brain. Additionally, anxiolytics can aid in promoting sleep, making them beneficial for insomnia. Moreover, anxiolytics can help relax muscles in specific neuromuscular disorders. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as anxiolytics are useful for treating epilepsy, insomnia, and muscle relaxation in specific neuromuscular disorders. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because anxiolytics are not solely limited to treating anxiety but have broader applications in these areas as well.