Indicate the drug belonging to M1-cholinoblockers:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pirenzepin. M1-cholinoblockers specifically target the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype. Pirenzepin is a selective M1 receptor antagonist, making it the appropriate choice. A: Cimetidine and B: Ranitidine are H2-receptor antagonists used for treating gastric acid-related conditions. D: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that works by reducing stomach acid production. These drugs do not target the M1 muscarinic receptor subtype, so they are not the correct choices for M1-cholinoblockers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Lidocaine is the drug of choice for acute treatment of ventricular tachycardias due to its fast onset of action and minimal negative inotropic effects. It works by stabilizing cell membranes and reducing automaticity in the ventricular tissue. Flecainide (A) and Sotalol (B) are contraindicated in ventricular tachycardias due to their potential to worsen arrhythmias. Verapamil (D) is a calcium channel blocker and is not effective for treating ventricular tachycardias.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that inhibits renin synthesis by blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. This leads to decreased renin release and ultimately reduces the production of angiotensin II. Enalapril (B) is an ACE inhibitor that acts downstream by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Diazoxide (C) is a potassium channel activator and Losartan (D) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, both of which do not directly inhibit renin synthesis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hormone analogues are synthetic compounds that mimic the structure and function of naturally occurring hormones. This is important for therapeutic purposes as they can be used to replace or mimic the actions of hormones in the body. A is incorrect because hormone analogues are not naturally occurring substances but rather synthetic compounds. B is incorrect as hormone analogues can be equally or even more efficacious than naturally occurring hormones. C is incorrect because although hormone analogues may have similar structures to hormones, they do not necessarily have the same pharmacological properties.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea drug that acts by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in beta islet cells, leading to calcium influx and insulin release. It stimulates both insulin synthesis and release. Phenformin, Buformine, and Metformin do not directly stimulate insulin release, making them incorrect choices.