ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Indicate the drug belonging to antitussives of narcotic type of action:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aethylmorphine hydrochloride. Antitussives of narcotic type act on the cough center in the brain to suppress cough reflex. Aethylmorphine is an opioid derivative that exerts its antitussive effect centrally. Glaucine hydrochloride (A) is a non-narcotic antitussive derived from plants. Tusuprex (C) is a non-narcotic antitussive that acts peripherally. Libexine (D) is an antihistamine, not an antitussive.
Question 2 of 5
Digoxin is thought to increase intracellular concentrations of calcium in myocardial cells by indirectly slowing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump, leading to an increase in intracellular sodium. Step 2: Increased intracellular sodium levels reduce the activity of the sodium-calcium exchanger. Step 3: Slowing down the sodium-calcium exchanger causes an increase in intracellular calcium levels in myocardial cells. Step 4: Therefore, the statement that digoxin increases intracellular calcium concentrations by slowing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger is TRUE. Summary: Choice A is correct because it accurately describes the mechanism by which digoxin increases intracellular calcium levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between digoxin and intracellular calcium levels.
Question 3 of 5
Duration of nitroglycerin action (sublingual) is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 10-30 minutes. Nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed sublingually and has a short duration of action due to rapid metabolism. This short duration is crucial for managing acute conditions like angina. Choice B (6-8 hours) is incorrect because sublingual nitroglycerin does not have such an extended duration of action. Choice C (3-5 minutes) is too short as the effects of nitroglycerin last longer. Choice D (1.5-2 hours) is also incorrect as it overestimates the duration of action. Thus, the correct answer is A due to the rapid onset and short duration of sublingual nitroglycerin.
Question 4 of 5
Which type of receptors can be activated by angiotensinamide:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! Angiotensinamide is a peptide derived from angiotensinogen that activates angiotensin receptors. Step 1: Angiotensinamide is a component of the renin-angiotensin system and binds specifically to angiotensin receptors. Step 2: Angiotensin receptors are a distinct class of receptors that respond to angiotensin peptides, including angiotensinamide. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because angiotensinamide does not activate adrenergic, cholinergic, or dopaminergic receptors, but rather specifically binds to angiotensin receptors.
Question 5 of 5
Synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones are controlled by a complex feedback loop involving multiple glands and organs. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). The blood levels of thyroid hormones provide feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate the secretion of TRH and TSH, completing the feedback loop. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the control of thyroid hormone synthesis and release involves the interaction of multiple glands and is not solely regulated by any single gland or factor.