Indicate the diuretic that can produce extracellular volume expansion

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) expands extracellular volume by retaining water not thiazides, acetazolamide, or triamterene (Na+ effects). This distinguishes osmotic action, key for cerebral edema, contrasting with natriuretic diuretics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Upper posterior kidney contacts the diaphragm not psoas, quadratus, or transversus (lower relations). This defines renal anatomy, key for surgical context, contrasting with lower muscles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nephron loop (loop of Henle) extends into medulla not PCT, DCT (cortex), or papillary duct (collecting). This locates medullary segment, critical for concentration, contrasting with cortical parts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal capsule (fibrous) encases kidney not cortex, hilum (entry), medulla, or pyramids (inner). This identifies protective layer, vital for structure, contrasting with regions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ureters use peristalsis to move urine not urethra (voiding), bladder (detrusor), or all. This specifies transport, critical for flow, contrasting with voiding structures.