Indicate the antiseizure drug, which is a phenyltriazine derivative:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Lamotrigine. Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine derivative, making it the antiseizure drug in the list. This drug works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. Phenobarbital (A) is a barbiturate, Clonazepam (B) is a benzodiazepine, and Carbamazepine (D) is an iminostilbene derivative, not a phenyltriazine derivative like Lamotrigine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to raise serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol. HDL helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased HDL levels are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. On the other hand, choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B, increasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL), is not a typical effect of moderate alcohol consumption and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Choice C, decreasing HDL levels, contradicts the known positive effect of alcohol on HDL. Choice D, raising very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), is not a common result of moderate alcohol intake and is typically associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because phenothiazine derivatives exert their strong antiemetic effect by blocking dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. This area is responsible for initiating the vomiting reflex. By blocking dopamine receptors here, phenothiazines prevent the activation of the vomiting reflex. Choices B and C are incorrect because phenothiazines primarily target the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla, not the receptors in the stomach or the medullar vomiting centre. Choice D is also incorrect because the antiemetic effect is specifically due to dopamine receptor blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, not all of the above options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The main claim for an ideal antidepressant agent should encompass all aspects mentioned in the choices. A faster onset of action ensures quicker relief for the patient. Fewer adverse effects reduce the burden on the patient. Lower toxicity in overdoses enhances safety. Therefore, D is correct as it combines these essential criteria for an ideal antidepressant. Options A, B, and C individually address important factors but do not cover the comprehensive requirements of an ideal antidepressant, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triazolam. Triazolam has a short duration of action due to its rapid onset and short half-life. It is commonly used for the treatment of insomnia. Clorazepate (B), Prazepam (C), and Clordiazepoxide (D) have longer durations of action compared to Triazolam. Clorazepate is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety disorders, Prazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine, and Clordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal and anxiety. Triazolam's rapid onset and short duration make it suitable for managing acute insomnia.