Indicate the antiseizure drug – a benzodiazepine receptor agonist:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lorazepam. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, which enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA in the brain, reducing neuronal excitability and preventing seizures. Phenobarbital (A) acts by enhancing GABAergic transmission but is not a benzodiazepine. Phenytoin (B) works by blocking sodium channels. Carbamazepine (C) also blocks sodium channels but is not a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it directly acts on the benzodiazepine receptor to control seizures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because severe methanol poisoning requires a multi-modal approach. Dialysis enhances methanol removal. Alkalinization helps counteract metabolic acidosis. Suppressing metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase prevents the formation of toxic products. Therefore, all options (A, B, and C) are necessary for effective treatment of severe methanol poisoning. Other choices are incorrect as they do not address the multiple facets of methanol toxicity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking D2 receptors. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic that primarily works by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, leading to a reduction in dopamine activity and alleviating psychotic symptoms. Choices B and C are incorrect as haloperidol does not primarily act by central alpha-adrenergic blocking or inhibition of norepinephrine uptake mechanisms. Choice D, "All of the above," is incorrect as haloperidol's main mechanism of action is through D2 receptor blockade, not through all the mechanisms listed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Bemegride) is correct: 1. Bemegride is a respiratory analeptic that stimulates the respiratory center in the brain. 2. It acts as a central nervous system stimulant, specifically targeting the respiratory system. 3. Bemegride is used to treat respiratory depression caused by drug overdose or anesthesia. 4. It helps increase respiratory rate and tidal volume by stimulating the brainstem. 5. Therefore, Bemegride is the correct choice as a respiratory analeptic. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Piracetam is a nootropic drug that enhances cognitive function, not a respiratory analeptic. B: Sydnocarb is a psychostimulant used for attention deficit disorders, not a respiratory analeptic. D: Pantocrin is a medication derived from deer antlers used for various health benefits, not a respiratory analeptic.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (C): 1. Buspirone is a serotonin receptor agonist and does not directly interact with the GABAergic system. 2. Buspirone is not associated with marked hypnotic, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxant properties. 3. Studies show that buspirone causes less psychomotor impairment and does not affect driving skills. 4. Therefore, choice C is correct as it accurately contrasts buspirone from benzodiazepines. Summary of incorrect choices: A. Benzodiazepines interact with the GABAergic system, not buspirone. B. Benzodiazepines have hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties, not buspirone. D. Buspirone has minimal abuse liability compared to benzodiazepines, which have high abuse potential.