Indicate the agents of choice in the treatment of most anxiety states:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B (Benzodiazepines) is correct: 1. Benzodiazepines are commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders due to their anxiolytic effects. 2. They work by enhancing the activity of GABA neurotransmitter, leading to calming and sedative effects. 3. Barbiturates (choice A) are less commonly used now due to high risk of dependence and overdose. 4. Lithium salts (choice C) are primarily used for bipolar disorder, not anxiety. 5. Phenothiazines (choice D) are more commonly used for psychotic disorders, not anxiety. Summary: Benzodiazepines are preferred for anxiety treatment due to their effectiveness and safety profile compared to other options like barbiturates, lithium salts, and phenothiazines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ipratropium. Ipratropium is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that acts as a bronchodilator, making it effective for treating asthma by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways. Atropine (A) is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist used for bradycardia and other conditions. Platiphylline (C) is a xanthine derivative used for bronchospasm in COPD, not asthma. Metacin (D) is a cholinergic agonist used for treating glaucoma. Therefore, the most suitable choice for an anti-asthmatic agent among the options provided is Ipratropium.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12. 2. Cyanocobalamin is the synthetic form of vitamin B12 used to treat pernicious anemia. 3. Ferrous lactate, iron dextran, and ferrous gluconate are iron supplements, not vitamin B12. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Cyanocobalamin) as it addresses the underlying cause of pernicious anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all three drug classes are commonly used in chronic heart failure management. Cardiac glycosides like digoxin improve heart function. Diuretics help manage fluid overload. ACE inhibitors like enalapril improve outcomes by reducing the workload on the heart. Each drug class targets different aspects of heart failure progression, making a combination of these medications beneficial in managing the condition effectively. Therefore, all the above choices are correct in the context of treating chronic heart failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Dipyridamole blocks the reabsorption and breakdown of adenosine, leading to increased endogenous adenosine levels, which causes vasodilatation. Step 2: This vasodilatation results in increased blood flow to the myocardium, counteracting the hypoperfusion caused by stenotic coronary arteries. Step 3: Dipyridamole also inhibits platelet aggregation, which can be beneficial in preventing thrombosis. Step 4: Therefore, all three statements (A, B, and C) are true regarding Dipyridamole, making option D the correct choice.