ATI RN
Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs Review Questions
Question 1 of 5
Indicate muscles, which are more resistant to block and recover more rapidly:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphragm. The diaphragm is more resistant to block and recovers rapidly due to its involuntary nature and vital role in breathing. The diaphragm contracts and relaxes continuously, making it more resilient compared to voluntary muscles like the hand, leg, and neck. The other choices are incorrect because voluntary muscles are more susceptible to fatigue and blockage due to their reliance on conscious control and are not essential for immediate survival like the diaphragm.
Question 2 of 5
Propranolol-induced adverse effects include all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can block beta-2 receptors leading to bronchoconstriction (A). Rapid withdrawal can cause beta-adrenergic receptor supersensitivity (B). Propranolol can cause sedation, sleep disturbances, depression, and sexual dysfunction (D). However, propranolol is associated with hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
Question 3 of 5
Although the benzodiazepines continue to be the agents of choice for insomnia they have:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because benzodiazepines, while effective for insomnia, have the potential for psychological and physiological dependence (A), can cause synergistic depression of the central nervous system when combined with other drugs like alcohol (B), and may result in residual drowsiness and daytime sedation (C). Each of these factors poses risks and side effects associated with the use of benzodiazepines for treating insomnia. Therefore, the answer choice D, which includes all of the above factors, is the correct choice.
Question 4 of 5
The most dangerous effect of antiseizure drugs after large overdoses is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory depression. After large overdoses of antiseizure drugs, the most dangerous effect is respiratory depression due to the suppression of the central nervous system. This can lead to decreased breathing rate and potentially fatal consequences. Gastrointestinal irritation (B) and alopecia (C) are not typically associated with antiseizure drug overdoses. Sedation (D) may occur but is not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory depression in this context.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following supraspinal structures is implicated in pain-modulating descending pathways?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The midbrain periaqueductal gray. This structure plays a crucial role in pain modulation by sending inhibitory signals to the spinal cord. It contains opioid receptors that can reduce pain perception. The hypothalamus (B) is more involved in regulating body functions, the area postrema (C) is primarily responsible for inducing vomiting in response to toxins, and the limbic cortex (D) is associated with emotions and memory, not specifically pain modulation.