Indicate an antiseizure drug, which has an impotent effect on the T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Certainly! Ethosuximide is the correct answer because it specifically targets T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons, effectively controlling absence seizures. Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, and Phenytoin primarily act on sodium channels, making them ineffective in treating absence seizures. Ethosuximide's mechanism of action makes it the ideal choice for this specific type of seizure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Strong mu receptor agonists, such as opioids, can cause hypertension due to the stimulation of mu receptors in the central nervous system. They can also increase pulmonary arterial pressure and myocardial work by affecting the cardiovascular system. Additionally, they can cause cerebral vasodilatation, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure. Therefore, all the mentioned effects are possible with strong mu receptor agonists, making option D the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that does not have a high potential for physical dependence and abuse like opioids. A: It inhibits COX, reducing inflammation and pain. B: It is effective for short-term pain relief but is not as potent as morphine. D: It does not produce respiratory depression, which is a common side effect of opioids. In summary, C is incorrect as ketorolac is not associated with physical dependence and abuse, making it a safer option compared to opioids for pain management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tranylcypramine. Tranylcypramine is a nonhydrazide derivative of MAO inhibitor that has amphetamine-like activity due to its structural similarity to amphetamines. Phenelzine and Moclobemide are not related to nonhydrazide derivatives and do not exhibit amphetamine-like activity. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Caffeine is a stimulant that can increase blood pressure, so hypotension is not an adverse effect. A: Arrhythmias can occur due to caffeine's stimulant effects on the heart. B: Insomnia is a common side effect of caffeine due to its ability to disrupt sleep patterns. D: Psychomotor excitation can happen as caffeine increases alertness and arousal. Therefore, hypotension is the exception among the choices as it does not align with caffeine's typical effects on the body.